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19.1 主语从句
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主语从句即在句中作主语的从句。由于主语从句往往较长，为了保持句子平衡，经常用it作形式主语，代替主语从句，位于句首，而将主语从句置于句尾。
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19.1.1 由连词引导的主语从句
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当主语从句位于句首时，that不能省略；当主语从句位于句尾时，that可以省略。
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It’s rare (that) anyone becomes successful without the assistance of others.
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没有他人的帮助而取得成功并不常见。
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It is necessary (that) we should act in the right spirit.
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我们有必要以正确的态度做事。
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It’s important (that) you really think about the future consequences of your bad habits.
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重要的是，要真正思考自己的不良习惯在将来导致的后果。
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whether和if的区别在于，if不能置于句首。
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Whether it rains or shines makes no difference to proactive people.
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情况的好与坏对积极进取者而言无关紧要。
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It depends upon hard work more than luck whether(或if) you can succeed in making your dream come true.
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是否能成功地实现梦想更多地取决于勤奋，而不是运气。
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19.1.2 由连接代词引导的主语从句
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Whoever loves money never has money enough.
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爱财的人，他的钱财永远都不够。
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Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.
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目标远大的人必须一步步做起。
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Whoever neglects learning in his youth loses the past and is dead for the future.
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年轻时忽视学业的人失去了过去，更葬送了未来。
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What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
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凡是值得一做的事都值得做好。
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What the earth does is revolving; what rivers do is running; what the youth do is advancing.
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