1705083231
20.12 if only的虚拟
1705083232
1705083233
if only表达感叹性的愿望,理解为“要是……该多好啊!”或“要是……就好了”,其规则与wish完全相同。only可放于句中;位于句中时,可以用just替换。
1705083234
1705083235
If only I had taken care of my health.
1705083236
1705083237
要是我当初照顾好自己的身体就好了。(对过去的希望)
1705083238
1705083239
If only I had spent more time with my family.
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1705083241
要是当初有更多时间陪家人就好了。(对过去的希望)
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1705083243
If only my wife were more patient.
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1705083245
要是我妻子更有耐心该多好啊。(对现在的希望)(当系动词须使用一般过去时,主语为单数时,可使用was或were;主语为复数时,使用were)
1705083246
1705083248
20.13 as if, as though的虚拟
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1705083250
这两个连词后面的从句所描述的情况如果不现实,要使用虚拟语气。对现在情况的描述,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时的形式;对过去情况的描述,从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时的形式;对将来情况的描述,从句中的谓语动词用would(或could, might, should)接动词原形的形式,也可以使用were to接动词原形的形式。
1705083251
1705083252
对现在情况的描述:
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1705083254
Act as though it were impossible to fail.
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1705083256
行动起来要像不可能会失败一样。
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1705083258
Work as though your strength were limitless.
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1705083260
你工作起来就好像有无限的力量。
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1705083262
We act upon our self-image just as if it were true.
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1705083264
我们根据自我意象去行动,就好像它是真实的一样。(以上三句中,因为主语是单数,所以系动词也可以使用was)
1705083265
1705083266
对过去情况的描述:
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1705083268
Noise proves nothing. Often a hen who has merely laid an egg cackles as if she had laid an asteroid.
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1705083270
喧闹不能证明什么。母鸡产下一只蛋,往往咯咯地叫,就好像产下了小行星似的。
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1705083272
对将来的描述:
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1705083274
It would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.
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1705083276
如果把每一天都当作好像明天我们就要死去一般地度过,那将是个很好的生活准则。
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1705083278
Study as if you were to live forever, but live as if you were to die tomorrow.
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