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shallow［‘ʃælou］a. 浅的；浅薄的 n. 浅滩，浅水处
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例句 1. If such a developed media is absent, we can have only a shallow understanding of what’s happening in the world. 如果没有如此发达的媒体，或许我们对世界上正在发生的事情只能有一个浅显的理解。
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2. Whales that are large in size will get in trouble if they access shallow or rocky locations. 体积较大的鲸鱼如果靠近浅滩或者礁石较多的地方将会使自己陷入麻烦。
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3. The perfectly preserved fossil fish had been living in a vast shallow lake. 这些保存完好的化石鱼曾经生活在一片广阔的浅水湖中。
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同义 superficial（a. 浅薄的）
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要点 shallow除了可以表示深浅程度以外，也可以用来表示“肤浅的，浅显的”等含义，superficial的含义与此类似，比如：He is a superficial man without any intellect.
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sharp［ʃɑ
:rp］a. 锋利的；敏锐的；急剧的 ad.（时刻）正，准
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例句 1. Sharp knives should be kept away from children for safety reasons. 安全起见，锋利的刀具应放置在儿童无法触及的地方。
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2. There has been a sharp decline in traditional book reading, because more people tend to read ebooks on tablets or smartphones. 传统纸质书阅读人数出现了急剧的下降，因为更多的人选择在平板电脑或智能手机上阅读电子书。
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3. In fact, with the sharp development of technology, more jobs on the labor market today are for people who are well-educated. 随着技术的急剧发展，如今劳动力市场上大多数的工作都针对受过良好教育的人。
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派生 sharply（ad. 急剧地）
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要点 sharp除了可以描述物体是“尖锐的，锋利的”外，在写作中更多用来表示数目或情况的剧烈变化。
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silicon［‘silikən］n. 硅
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搭配 silicon chip 硅片；silicon resin 硅树脂
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例句 For programmers who work in the Silicon Valley, computer language is their universal language although they come from different parts of the world. 对于在硅谷工作的程序员来说，尽管他们来自五湖四海，但计算机语言是他们之间共同的语言。
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simulate［‘simjuleit］v. 模仿，模拟；伪装；扮演
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例句 1. With the help of computer programs, many scientific experiments can be simulated in a much cost-effective way. 电脑程序可以以一种相当低成本的方式模拟许多科学实验。
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2. Computers can simulate environments that are needed to improve some theories but cannot be found in real life. 计算机可以模拟那些为完善某些理论所需的环境，而这些环境在现实世界中是不存在的。
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同义 imitate（v. 模仿）
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派生 simulation（n. 模拟）
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要点 imitate和simulate都有“模仿”的含义，但前者常指“模仿…的行为、举动等”，比如：imitate an accent（模仿一种口音）；而simulate多指“模拟某种情境或假装某种状况”，比如：simulate a fight（模拟一场战斗）。此外要注意simulate和stimulate的词形很相似，写作时不要弄混。
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span［spæn］n. 跨度；一段时间 v. 跨越；持续；贯穿
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搭配 life span 寿命
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例句 1. The development in medical care and the healthy living habits enabled an extension of the life span. 发达的医疗服务以及健康的生活习惯使延长寿命成为可能。
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2. As you walk around the exhibition halls, look at the cultural relics and imagine the past, you may feel that you are traveling along a path spanning the history of this country. 当你辗转各个展厅之间，看着那些文化遗产，想象着过去的时候，你可能会感觉你正行走于一条跨越这个国家全部历史的道路上。
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