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派生 staggering（a. 蹒跚的；令人惊愕的）
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要点 stagger的派生词staggering有一个十分重要的含义——“令人震惊的”，比如描述数字之大时，就可以说：It is a staggering figure.
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stereotype［‘steriətaip］n. 陈规；老套；刻板印象 v. 对…形成固定看法
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例句 1. Judgments based on external appearances reinforce your stereotypes, prevent you from understanding a person, and are superficial and limited. 以貌取人会增加你的成见、阻碍你了解一个人，而且是肤浅而局限的。
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2. If you stereotype somebody by wealth status, you are at the risk of never knowing his true thoughts. 如果你因某人的财富地位而形成对他的刻板印象，你就冒着永远不能了解这个人真实想法的风险。
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3. Our boss is not a stereotype of the strict, careful man who never smiles. 我们老板不是刻板印象中那种严厉、认真、不苟言笑的人。
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substitute［‘sʌbstitu
:t］n. 代替者，代替品 v. 代替
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例句 1. In many manufacturing factories now, automatic machines as substitute for workers are used. 如今，许多工厂都使用了可以代替工人的自动机器。
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2. When people cook, they can use new fat substitutes to cut fat and calories content in the meals. 当人们在做饭的时候，可以用新的脂肪替代产品以减少食物中的脂肪和卡路里含量。
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3. A tablet is a substitute for a desktop or laptop when we are on the go. 当我们在路上的时候，平板电脑就是台式机或笔记本电脑的替代品。
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同义 replacement（n. 代替）；replace（v. 代替）
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surround［sə’raund］v. 包围，圈住；环绕
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例句 1. Commercial fossil collectors do not care about the smaller fossils that may surround the bigger ones and they may damage the archeology evidence of the fossils. 商业化石收藏家不关注那些可能包围着大型化石的小型化石，他们会破坏化石提供的考古证据。
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2. We are constantly surrounded by news and information in present day society. 在当今社会，我们时刻都被新闻和信息包围着。
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surrounding［sə’raundiŋ］v. 周围附近的 n. 环境；周围的事物
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例句 1. The microclimate is wetter and cooler than the dry and warm climate of the surrounding regions. 与周围地区干燥而温暖的气候相比，小气候更加湿润，也更冷一些。
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2. Where should we live? Some may choose big cities, while others like the natural and quiet surroundings in the countryside. 我们应该住在哪里？有些人或许会选择大城市，而另一些人则喜欢乡村那种自然、安静的环境。
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sustain［sə’stein］v. 维持；支持；经受
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例句 1. This practice not only provides wood that is necessary to sustain production to many factories, but also offers employment opportunities to the local people. 这一做法不但给许多工厂提供了维持生产所必需的木材，还为当地人提供了就业机会。
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2. Chance can sometimes help us succeed, but not everyone dares to take the money that sustains his business at risk. 机遇有时可以帮助我们成功，但不是每个人都有胆量用维持生意的资金去冒险。
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3. I would need to make sure that I have an income to sustain my life. 我需要确保我有一笔收入来维持生计。
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同义 support（v. 支持）；maintain（v. 维持）
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要点 sustain最常见的用法是表示“维持生计”，也可以表示维持一种状态，如sustained effort（不断的努力）。
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sustainable［sə’steinəbl］a. 可持续的；可以忍受的
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搭配 sustainable development 可持续发展
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