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同义 worldly-wise（a. 老于世故的）
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派生 sophistication（n. 老于世故；复杂）
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spark［spɑ
:rk］v. 闪烁；激发；冒火花 n. 火花
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例句 1. Once we come across a difficulty in our study, the idea of solving the problem in a scientific method sparks at once in our mind. 一旦我们在学习中遇到困难，我们头脑中马上会冒出使用科学的方法解决问题的想法。
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2. I’ll spark your interest with a little story. 我会用一则小故事激发你的兴趣。
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同义 blaze（v. 闪烁）
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要点 spark作动词有“激发”的意思，主要指激发灵感或兴趣。
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specialize［‘speʃəlaiz］v. 专攻；（使）专用于
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搭配 specialize in 擅长于；专攻
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例句 1. If a student only specializes in one field, he will not have the chance to get access to other resources the university offered. 如果学生仅专注于某一个领域，那么就没有机会接触到大学提供的其他资源。
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2. I have to say that it is better for universities to urge their students to specialize in just one subject. 我必须要说，对大学来说，敦促学生只专攻一门课程会更好一些。
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stability［stə’biləti］n. 稳定；稳固
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例句 1. Freshmen and sophomores need the stability of campus life, whereas juniors and seniors should experience the independence of off-campus life. 大一和大二学生需要稳定的校园生活，大三和大四学生则需要体验校外生活的独立。
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2. When I was young, I enjoyed the excitement and adventure of crazy life; but now the stability of family life suits me better. 我年轻时享受疯狂生活带来的刺激与冒险；但现在，家庭生活的稳定更适合我。
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3. Working a shorter week can decrease the stability of the employees and harm their chances for promotion. 一周工作较短的时间会降低员工的稳定程度，而且会影响他们获得晋升的机会。
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standard［‘stændərd］n. 标准，规则 a. 标准的
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搭配 up to standard 合格
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例句 1. Test scores act as the standard measurement for students’ ability and knowledge level. 测试成绩是衡量学生能力和知识水平的标准。
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2. Traditional encyclopedias are written by trained experts who stick to standards of academic rigor that is really hard to achieve for the non-specialists. 传统的百科全书是由受过训练的专家们编写的，他们坚持学术严谨这一标准，而这是非专业人士很难达到的。
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3. To grab the job opportunity, they work hard to meet these high standards. 为了抓住这个工作机会，他们努力工作以满足这些高标准。
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同义 normative（a. 标准的）
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strive［straiv］v. 奋斗；力求；抗争
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搭配 strive for 奋斗，争取
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例句 1. My uncle told me he respects money and makes it a goal to strive for it in his way towards success. 我的叔叔告诉我，他尊重金钱，并将其作为通往成功之路的奋斗目标。
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2. Like all artists, musicians strive for their own unique style. 爵士音乐家如同所有艺术家一样，力求自己的独特风格。
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