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· Educational debate
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· Problems confronting international debate styles
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· Generative debate
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1.8 Discussion Questions for Chapter 1
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· Recount at least one role of argumentation and social debate in ancient and modern China.
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· Recount at least one role of argumentation and social debate in ancient and modern Western societies.
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· How did educational debate emerge in Western societies?
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· Describe the recent developments of educational debate in China.
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· Explain the problems inherent in viewing debate from any single perspective.
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· Demonstrate at least one example where generative debate would be beneficial.
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思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Chapter 2Ethical Considerations in Debate
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Robert Trapp
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Chapter Outline
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2.1 The Ethical Debater
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2.2 Four Features of Debate
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2.3 Some Guidelines for Developing a Code of Ethics in Debate
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2.4 Summary
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2.5 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 2
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2.6 Discussion Questions for Chapter 2
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2.1 The Ethical Debater
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To debate well means to debate ethically. Throughout the centuries, philosophers, speakers and thinkers from both China and the United States have unequivocally declared that any excellent speaker cannot, by definition, be exceptional without operating from a high moral character adhering to an enduring, ethical code of conduct.
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For example, Chinese philosopher Mencius, who was himself an excellent speaker dismayed by the trickery and manipulation used by traveling advisors to the kings, declared that sincere speech(chengyan) was “the most effective, moral, and humane mode of expression to accomplish persuasion” (Lu, 1998: 175). Similarly, Roman orator Marcus Fabius Quintilian explicitly taught that while the orator must have knowledge of how to speak well and must achieve an artistic excellence in those skills, “the orator in Quintilian’s view must, above all, be a good man [or woman]” (Kennedy, 1999: 101). As debaters grapple with disputations, they are charged with a vital social responsibility for delineating the best arguments for and against essential civic issues. That social responsibility demands highly ethical practices to ensure the prosperity, growth, and sustenance of a society.
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