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· Often debaters are called “opponents.” How is the term, “opponent,” problematic for ethical debaters? How might that term contribute to character attacks during debates? What other term might be more appropriate?
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· Identify ways evidence or use of evidence might be clearly unethical. Why are they unethical?
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· How is mutual equality signaled in a debate? What nonverbal cues might indicate one debater seems to perceive himself as superior to another? Is that message about the issue or the speaker?
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· Relate observed or experienced episodes of disagreement between debaters and adjudicators, episodes that generated difficulty. How might respect be shown in those circumstances?
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· Is everyone a global citizen? Why would it be important for a debater to position himself or herself as a global citizen? What if the issue were a local issue? Are local issues related to global issues? Global issues to local issues?
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· What problems arise if debaters choose to be unethical or not as ethical as they could be? How would these actions function in everyday life after college?
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思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Chapter 3Concepts Fundamental to Debating
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Robert Trapp
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Chapter Outline
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3.1 Two Sets of Related Concepts
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3.2 Components of Arguments
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3.3 Kinds of Claims
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3.4 Claims and Supporting Material
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3.5 Principles and Consequences as Means of Evaluation
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3.6 Summary
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3.7 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 3
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3.8 Discussion Questions for Chapter 3
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Students and teachers of debate need to have a common understanding of concepts that are central to debate. Some concepts have common meanings used in ordinary language and others do not. The following sections are intended to ensure that all readers of this text share a common understanding of some of the most important concepts.
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3.1 Two Sets of Related Concepts
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A clear understanding of key concepts is necessary prior to a more in-depth discussion of the general process of debating. Sometimes people use terms and concepts loosely and such lax use of those terms leaves debaters and judges alike confused.
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Persuasion and debate are two of the most important concepts that need to be defined. These two constitute the first of the two sets of related concepts. The second set of concepts includes arguments and argumentation.
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