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这一章节表明了,一个论证由四个元素组成,但本章仅重点介绍其中两个:论点和支撑该论点的论据。中心论点可以被分为四种类型(定义型、描述型、关联型和评价型),这一章节主要讲解的是评价型的论点,因为这种论点最为有趣,在辩论中也最常见。辩手可以采用不同类型的论据来支撑自己的论点,比如证据、解析、类比以及其他论点等。值得注意的是,描述型和关联型论点可以用来支撑评价型论点。
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最后,本章节为支持或反对评价型论点介绍了两种不同的辩论方法,分别是原则法和结果法。很多时候,原则法和结果法会得到相同的结论,但它们论证方式不同。
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本章节中介绍的术语和概念对准备学习实践辩论规则的学生而言非常重要。本文第二部分会具体介绍英国议会制辩论,其中会用议论、论证、论点、论据、原则法和结果法的概念来说明这一类型以及其他类型的辩论是如何进行的。
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3.7 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 3
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Check your memory and comprehension by describing or defining these key terms and concepts:
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· Debate
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· Persuasion
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· Argumentation
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· Arguments
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· Support for an argument
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· Four kinds of claims
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· Principles
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· Consequences
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3.8 Discussion Questions for Chapter 3
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· Compare and contrast the concepts of persuasion and debate.
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· Compare and contrast the concepts of argumentation and arguments.
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· What two basic components of an argument are introduced in this chapter? What is the relationship between those two components and an argument?
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· How can an evaluative claim be supported through the combination of a descriptive and associational claim?
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· Why are arguments based on principles different from arguments based on consequences?
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思辨精英:英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Chapter 4Analyzing a Debate Topic
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Robert Trapp
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Chapter Outline
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