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Finally, the Member of Opposition should present an extension—an argument consistent with yet different from that presented by the First Opposition Team. Like the Government’s extension, presenting the Opposition’s extension is an important responsibility of the Member of Opposition because it allows the Second Opposition Team to show its loyalty while clearly differentiating themselves from the First Opposition Team.
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5.3.7 Government Whip
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The Whip speakers for both teams have the responsibility to close the debate for their respective sides. The Government Whip should accomplish three goals: 1) refute the extension offered by the Member of Opposition, 2) rebuild the extension offered by the Member of Government, and 3) summarize the debate from the perspective of the Government side. More will be said about Whip speeches in Chapter 9.
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The first responsibility of the Government Whip is to refute the extension offered by the Member of Opposition. The Government Team will not yet have discussed this extension; therefore, its refutation is an important responsibility of the Government Whip.
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The second responsibility of the Government Whip is to defend and rebuild the extension offered by the Member of Government. The Member of Government’s extension is a very important part of the Second Government’s case and, in all likelihood, will have been refuted by the Member of Opposition. Therefore, defending this extension is important to the overall case of the Second Opposition Team. Sometimes, rather than providing an explicit defense and rebuilding of the Member of Government’s extension, the Government Whip may decide to include that defense as a part of the overall summary.
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The final and, perhaps, most important responsibility of the Government Whip is to summarize the debate from the perspective of the Government side. The summary may be accomplished in a number of ways. The summary can examine the issues as addressed by both teams; it can regroup the issues into categories that are new to the debate; or, it can discuss the debate from a different or higher perspective than has been previously introduced. The summary should, of course, be made from the Government’s perspective while being and appearing to be fair-minded. Similarly, the summary should be fair to the First Government Team but should focus on the arguments pursued by the Second Government.
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5.3.8 Opposition Whip
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The responsibilities of the Opposition Whip are almost identical to those of the Government Whip except that they are accomplished from the perspective of the Opposition side rather than the Government side. Again, the Opposition Whip should 1) refute the extension offered by the Member of Government, 2) defend and rebuild the extension offered by the Member of Opposition, and 3) summarize the debate from the perspective of the Opposition side.
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The details of that speech are exactly like those of the previous speech except that they focus on the Opposition side of the debate rather than the Government side. Once again, the primary goal of this speech is to summarize the debate from the perspective of the Opposition side, particularly from the point of view of the Second Opposition Team. This summary should fairly support the Opposition side of the debate while focusing on the accomplishments of the Second Opposition Team.
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5.4 Summary
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This, then, is the basic format of Worlds-Style debating: four teams of two persons each engage one another through a series of seven-minute speeches interspersed by points of information. The teams from each side maintain loyalty with one another while simultaneously demonstrating the unique qualities of their own arguments. That format is analogous, although not perfectly so, to the kind of debate that one might envision in a real parliament.
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Much has been introduced here that has not been fully developed. Later chapters will further explore issues that have only been mentioned here, such as case construction, Opposition arguments, points of information, refutation, and many others.
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英国议会制辩论的基本形式如下：四支两人队伍交替辩论，每人有七分钟的演讲时间，其中还有质询环节。持同一方观点的两只队伍既要统一立场，同时也要展示自己独特的论点。这样的形式与真实的英国议会辩论有类似的地方。
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本章提及的许多内容并没有在此详细说明，将会留待后续介绍。比如说构建立论框架、如何提出反对观点、质询以及反驳等等。
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5.5 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 5
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Check your memory and comprehension by describing or defining these key terms and concepts:
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· Government
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· Opposition
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· Motion for debate
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· Prime Minister
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· Definition and interpretation of the motion
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· Model of the motion
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· Case
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