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The second important responsibility of the Leader of Opposition is to provide explicit refutation of the Prime Minister’s case. Refutation is an important element of the debate because it is the feature that allows the audience and the judge to see not only the arguments of each side, but also how the arguments contrast with each other. Judges expect speakers to refute the most important arguments of the opposing side.
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Refutation is important, but it is not the only important thing that needs to be accomplished in the Leader of Opposition speech. A more complete discussion of refutation will be presented in Chapter 10. For now, the most important thing to remember is that the Leader of Opposition needs to refute at least the most important arguments made by the Prime Minister. The process of refutation might not take more than one or two minutes, but it is an important process, nevertheless.
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7.1.3 Construct Arguments to Oppose the Prime Minister’s Interpretation of the Motion
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The final responsibility of the Leader of Opposition is to construct arguments to oppose the Prime Minister’s interpretation of the motion. These arguments should simultaneously oppose the First Government Team’s model and support the Opposition Team’s stance in the debate. So, if the first Opposition is supporting the status quo, the Leader of Opposition’s argument should support the status quo and simultaneously oppose the Prime Minister’s stance.
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In one sense, creating constructive arguments for the Opposition is like creating a case for the motion. When creating a case for the motion, the Prime Minister will frequently create a model or establish a clear stance that sets the direction that both Government Teams will take during the debate. Similarly, the Leader of Opposition should describe an Opposition stance that will guide both Opposition Teams for the entire debate. Also, like the Prime Minister creates an argument or a series of arguments that provide a sufficient case for an audience or a judge to accept the position taken by the First Government Team, debaters creating a case against a motion must attempt to create an argument or a series of arguments that, singly or in combination, create a sufficient case to reject the First Government Team’s position.
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Below is an outline of potential speeches by Leaders of Opposition. The outline is of a speech on a policy motion. A speech on a value motion would follow a similar process.
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Potential Speech on a Policy Motion
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Introduction
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Motion for debate: “The nations of the world should guarantee a minimal level of education for all its citizens.”
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Statement of advocacy:
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The First Opposition Team will support the current level of funding and infrastructure for all levels of education. Our belief is that nations of Sub-Saharan Africa have greater spending priorities that must be maintained first.
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Speech preview:
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During the remainder of this speech, I will present two arguments: 1) The Prime Minister’s proposal will not solve the problem of increased access to education, and 2) the Prime Minister’s proposal will divert needed funds from treatment of HIV and AIDS. My colleague the Deputy Leader of Opposition will then suggest even more priorities that may be sacrificed.
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Argument 1: The Prime Minister’s proposal will not solve the problems.
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Sub-claim 1: Students do not complete education because of HIV/AIDS.
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Sub-claim 2: Even if they are guaranteed funding and infrastructure, they will not complete their education.
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Sub-claim 3: Because they do not complete their education, they will still be confined to poverty.
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Argument 2: The Prime Minister’s proposal will interfere with work on HIV/AIDS.
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Sub-claim 1: The Government proposal advocates spending money on education.
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Sub-claim 2: The funds devoted to education will come from research on HIV/AIDS.
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Sub-claim 3: Devoting money to HIV/AIDS will have a larger effect than devoting money to education.
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Conclusion
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Both the Leader and Deputy Leader of Opposition create constructive arguments in their speeches. This section focused on the Leader of Opposition and the next will focus on the Deputy Leader.
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