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Introduction
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Motion for debate: “The nations of the world should guarantee a minimal level of education for all its citizens.”
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Statement of advocacy:
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The First Opposition Team will support the current level of funding and infrastructure for all levels of education. Our belief is that nations of Sub-Saharan Africa have greater spending priorities that must be maintained first.
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Speech preview:
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During the remainder of this speech, I will present two arguments: 1) The Prime Minister’s proposal will not solve the problem of increased access to education, and 2) the Prime Minister’s proposal will divert needed funds from treatment of HIV and AIDS. My colleague the Deputy Leader of Opposition will then suggest even more priorities that may be sacrificed.
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Argument 1: The Prime Minister’s proposal will not solve the problems.
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Sub-claim 1: Students do not complete education because of HIV/AIDS.
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Sub-claim 2: Even if they are guaranteed funding and infrastructure, they will not complete their education.
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Sub-claim 3: Because they do not complete their education, they will still be confined to poverty.
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Argument 2: The Prime Minister’s proposal will interfere with work on HIV/AIDS.
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Sub-claim 1: The Government proposal advocates spending money on education.
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Sub-claim 2: The funds devoted to education will come from research on HIV/AIDS.
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Sub-claim 3: Devoting money to HIV/AIDS will have a larger effect than devoting money to education.
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Conclusion
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Both the Leader and Deputy Leader of Opposition create constructive arguments in their speeches. This section focused on the Leader of Opposition and the next will focus on the Deputy Leader.
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7.2 Role of the Deputy Leader of Opposition
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The role of the Deputy Leader of Opposition is analogous to that of the Deputy Prime Minister. The Deputy Leader of Opposition is responsible for defending the Opposition stance presented by the Leader of Opposition. To do so, the Deputy Prime Minister should continue the refutation of the Prime Minister’s case that was begun by the Leader of Opposition, refute any new arguments raised by the Deputy Prime Minister, rebuild arguments raised by the Leader of Opposition, and add at least one new argument to those presented by the Leader of Opposition.
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The Deputy Leader of Opposition is responsible for adding new material to that presented by the Leader of Opposition by constructing at least one new argument in support of the Opposition stance. Thus, the Deputy Leader also constructs arguments, but not to the extent that the Leader of Opposition does. The Deputy Leader’s speech is, nevertheless, important with regard to argument construction.
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The role of the Deputy Leader of Opposition, like that of the Deputy Prime Minister, is to add something constructive to what was said by the Leader of Opposition. The Deputy Leader of Opposition might choose to add a completely new argument or might choose to elaborate a point made by the Leader of Opposition. In either event, the Deputy Leader will add new constructive material to the debate. Such new material may be in the form of a new argument suggesting why the First Government Team’s model will not work, or why the First Government Team’s model will create more problems than it solves, or why the Opposition’s counter proposal is superior to the First Government’s model, or any other argument designed to oppose the First Government Team’s model. In either case, the Deputy Leader will construct arguments using principles similar to those used by the Leader of Opposition.
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So, those are the roles of the Leader and Deputy Leader of Opposition, the two members of the First Opposition Team. The next section will discuss common kinds of arguments that those and other Opposition speakers may choose to make.
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7.3 Common Kinds of Opposition Arguments
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The kinds of common arguments may differ depending on whether the motion is one of value or of policy. The discussion below will begin with common arguments to be raised when confronting a policy, and then will move to those which can be used arguing against a value motion.
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