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· Exercise 3:
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For Member of Opposition Speech: Have a group of debaters listen to the first half of an on-line debate. Such a debate can be found at: http://willamette.edu/cla/ china_debate/ curriculum/index.html. Then have the debaters in groups of two discuss possible extension arguments that might be made in the Member of Opposition speech. Then the debaters should take two minutes to present their ideas to the other members of the group.
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· Exercise 4:
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For Deputy Leader of Opposition Speech: Based on the information generated in Exercise 3, have the debaters construct and present a complete Member of Opposition speech to be followed by constructive criticism.
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思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Chapter 9Summarizing the Debate in Whip Speeches
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Eric Barnes
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Chapter Outline
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9.1 Overview of Whip Speeches
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9.2 Summarizing: What to Discuss
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9.3 Summarizing: How to Organize
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9.4 The Response Trap
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9.5 Summary
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9.6 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 9
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9.7 Discussion Questions for Chapter 9
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9.8 Exercises for Chapter 9
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The final speech on each side of the debate is called a Whip speech. Speakers giving Whip speeches incur distinct expectations and limitations, different from speakers giving any of the other speeches in the debate. The fact that these expectations and limitations exist does not imply only one way to give a successful Whip speech; many such ways exist, but certain specific expectations for this kind of speech still remain.
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9.1 Overview of Whip Speeches
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The main purpose of a Whip speech is to summarize the debate that has just occurred in a manner that shows why the arguments on the Whip speaker’s side of the debate should prevail. Just as an individual persuasive speech should have a conclusion that emphasizes the most important elements of the speech, the Whip speech should emphasize the most important arguments that have been made by the previous three speakers on his or her side. The most effective methods of summarizing the debate will make direct comparisons between the two sides of the debate rather than focusing solely on what was said by only one side.
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