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Listening is also an important skill for judges and audience members. Most of the concepts related to listening from this chapter are highly applicable to training judges and preparing them to evaluate debates.
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Overall, argumentation requires careful listening, good skills in paraphrasing, an ability to synthesize important information, and skills in note-taking. Through practice and an application of some of the principles discussed in this chapter, skills in listening can be developed and enhanced.
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本章中，作者强调“倾听”是辩论的关键交流技巧。辩手们需要有效而批判地倾听，因为反驳对方的观点需要所有参与者拥有优秀的倾听技巧。
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这一技能对于辩论裁判和观众也同样重要。本章涉及的许多关于“倾听”的概念与技巧，对训练裁判如何裁决辩论也很有帮助。
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总而言之，辩论需要专注的倾听，对重要信息的准确理解和概括，以及笔记技能。通过练习和实践本章所涉及的一些技巧，相信你的“倾听”能力将会有所提高。
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13.5 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 13
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Check your memory and comprehension by describing or defining these key terms and concepts:
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· Hearing
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· Listening
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· Active listening
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· Paraphrasing
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· Simple paraphrase
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· Flowing
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13.6 Discussion Questions for Chapter 13
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· What are some of the common misconceptions about listening?
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· What specific steps can a debater take to improve his/her listening skills?
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· What is a paraphrase? Why is paraphrasing an important part of refutation?
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· How can flowing help to improve the arguments presented in a debate round?
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· Why should debaters try to use efficient methods of notation when flowing a round of debate? What are some specific examples of these efficient methods of notation?
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13.7 Exercise for Chapter 13
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· Directions—This activity focuses on generating basic arguments, actively listening to arguments, and paraphrasing. First, divide the participants into smaller groups of 12-15 and have the members of the group stand and form a circle. Announce one of the topics (see list below), and start the activity by first going clockwise around the circle (counterclockwise can be used for later rounds). The first participant has to “agree” with the statement and give a reason why. The next participant has to paraphrase the statement by the first participant and then “disagree” with the statement and give a reason why. The third participant has to paraprase the statement by second participant and then “agree” with the statement and give a new reason why. This order continues (participants will paraphrase the statement by the person who immediately preceeded them and then provide their own unique statement) until everyone in the circle has had a chance to participate, and those who are later in the circle should come up with new reasons to “agree” or “disagree.” Facilitators should start in a new position in the circle with each new topic to ensure that everyone in the group has the challenge of coming up with a new reason later in the round. In later rounds, the activity can also be changed to focus more on “refutation” (where the first speaker has to agree, and the second speaker has to specifically refute the first speaker’s reason for agreeing).
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9 resolutions (for the activity)
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1) Rice is better than noodles.
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2) Technology ruins personal relationships.
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