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· How can the descriptive, associational, and evaluative pattern be used to make an argument of consequence?
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· How can one use an argument about coexistence and essence to support the idea that a certain principle is a good one?
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· How can one use an argument by analogy to support the idea that a certain principle is a good one?
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19.6 Exercises for Chapter 19
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· Exercise 1:
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Select a motion from one of the earlier chapters or a motion that you find interesting. Construct at least two arguments to support this motion, one using consequences and the other using principles.
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· Exercise 2:
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Using the same motion, construct at least two arguments to oppose the motion, one using consequences and the other using principles.
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思辨精英：英语辩论-构筑全球视角 Chapter 20Combining Claims Coherently
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Robert Trapp
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Chapter Outline
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20.1 Supporting a Main Claim with a Series of Sub-Claims
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20.2 A Pattern for Combining Sub-Claims to Support a Primary Claim
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20.3 Using the General Pattern to Create Arguments
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20.4 Summary
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20.5 Terms and Concepts from Chapter 20
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20.6 Discussion Questions for Chapter 20
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20.7 Exercise for Chapter 20
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In educational debate, debaters are called on to support a position for or against a motion. In debates outside the educational setting, debaters are called on to take a position for or against particular actions that may or may not be described as “motions for debate.” For instance, a person speaking in front of a civic group may need to take a position for or against spending more money to repair a swimming pool, deciding to build a public park, or deciding to invest more money on fire and police protection. In each of those issues, the person is expected to take a position and then support that position with rational arguments. Those arguments designed to support the position can be referred to as a “case.” A case, as stated earlier, is one or more arguments in support of the position. Under ordinary circumstances, the debater will decide to use more than one argument in order to make the case as strong as possible. So, whether proposing or opposing the actions, the debater needs to construct a series of arguments in support of his or her position. This chapter is about combining a series of arguments into a coherent whole in order to make the case as strong and persuasive as possible.
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