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（4）话语分析。话语分析（discourse analysis）关注整个语篇（口头的或书面的）而不是离散的句子的分析。语言数据可以是自然发生的、被诱发的，也可以是虚构的。
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在语言分析中所使用的程序包括定性测量和定量测量，诸如编码和计算等。话语分析者典型的工作是制作（在课堂内或课堂外）互动的录音带和/或录像带，随后他们把那些录音（录像）写下来，然后分析多次重现模式。
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以上是我们对“第二语言习得研究”的概况介绍。在接下来的几章中，我们将分别对“二语习得的年龄效应”、“二语学习的能力和方法”、“二语习得中的情感因素”、“二语语用能力习得”、“反向迁移和多元能力”等专题展开较为详细的讨论。
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