打字猴:1.705313733e+09
1705313733
1705313734 第二,如果二语习得的最终目标是达到以后学习、工作中应有的外语水平,基础阶段的外语教育应从小学三四年级开始。因为到初中阶段,大部分学生已过了语言学习的关键期,丧失了语言学习的若干自然有利条件,会给二语习得带来一些不必要的困难,即使到了大学甚至研究生阶段,也很难达到很高的外语水平。
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1705313736 该项研究在一定程度上证明了早学者比晚学者更好,也试图证明关键期的存在。不过,该研究也忽略了另一项重要因素,即学习的时长。早学者从小学三四年级开始学习英语,并一直延续到研究生阶段,而晚学者从初中阶段才开始学习英语,那么前者在时长上已经占有了两三年的优势,这些人到了研究生阶段表现为优秀,就很难排除时长效应,更无法直接证明关键期的存在。而且,在所调查的11个优等生中,仍有2人是从初中才开始学英语的,这反而说明晚学者达到优秀的可能性仍然存在。
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1705313738 总之,二语习得的年龄效应是一种客观存在的现象,学术界的分歧主要在于如何对它进行解释。而每一项新成果,都将该领域的研究推进一步。
1705313739
1705313740 同时,也存在那些似乎不受年龄效应限制的成功者,我们也应当加以研究,以发现其成功的真正原因。正如文秋芳(2010)所指出的:如果有特例的学习者能够突破年龄的限制,达到母语者的水平,那么需要进行的进一步研究就在于,是什么因素导致了晚起点的成功学习者的出现,这些因素能否通过二语及外语教学发挥积极的作用。
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