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28 Sadri Sema，Hatıraları，p．158．
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29 Sadri Sema，Hatıraları，p．158；Brassey，Sunshine，p．59．
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30 Basmajean，Life，p．144．
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31 Saraçoğ lu，Hatıralar，p．250．A kuruş was a piaster coin．
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32 Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，p．267．
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33 Oita oyunu，also known as zuhuri kolu，meydan oyunu，taklit oyunu，kol oyunu or han kolu，was a traditional form of theatre performance．It involved two main characters，Kavuklu and Pişekar．
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34 Metin And，Türk Tiyatrosunun Evreleri（Ankara，1983），pp．109-111．
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35 And，Evreleri，pp．110-112；Leyla（Saz）Hanımefendi，Harem，p．25；Alus，İstanbul，pp．65-68．
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36 Alus，İstanbul，p．65．
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37 Thévenot，Voyages，I，pp．95-96．
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38 Balıkhane Nazırı Ali Rıza Bey，Hayatı，pp．162-164；Sadri Sema，Hatıraları，pp．252-253；Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，pp．395-398．
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39 Musahipzade Celal，Eski İstanbul Yaşayişi（Istanbul，1946），pp．101-104．
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40 Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，pp．452-453．
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41 Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，pp．452-453．
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42 Selim Nüzhet Gerçek，İstanbul’ dan Ben de Geçtim，ed．Ali Birinci and İsmail Kara（Istanbul，1997），pp．111-114；Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，pp．306-309；Balıkhane Nazırı Ali Rıza Bey，Hayatı，pp．178-183．
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43 Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，p．374．
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44 Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，p．365-366．
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45 J．H．A．Ubicini，Letters on Turkey: An Account of the Religious，Political，Social and Commercial Conditions of the Ottoman Empire，2 vols．（London，1856），II，p．318．
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46 Sadri Sema，Hatıraları，p．292；Balıkhane Nazırı Ali Rıza Bey，Hayatı，p．64；Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，pp．366-372；Dwight，Constantinople，pp．332-341．
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47 Musahipzade Celal，Yaşayışı，pp．89-90；Sadri Sema，Hatıraları，pp．342-343；Dwight，Constantinople，pp．341-344．
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48 Alus，İstanbul, p．132．
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49 Alus，İstanbul，pp．133-134；Balıkhane Nazırı Ali Rıza Bey，Hayatı，pp．7-9．
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50 Alus，İstanbul，pp．134-135；Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，p．361．
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51 Alus，İstanbul，p．135．See also Balıkhane Nazını Ali Rıza Bey, Hayatı pp．57-64; Sadri Sema, Hatıraları, pp．256-260；Abdülaziz Bey，Osmanlı，pp．369-373．
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52 Ahmed Cevdet Paşa, Ma ‘rûzât，p．54．
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