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问题与讨论
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文化的概念包括哪些内容？文化如何传播？个人的哪些特征影响着每个人学到的或完全掌握的文化表象？
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什么是文化源地？何种新文化特质标志着早期的源地？从文化地理学意义上讲，创新意味着什么？
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区分文化特质与文化情结之间、环境决定论与或然论之间的差别。
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文化三分系统中的三个组分或子系统是什么？每个子系统中包括哪些特征——文化表象？
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为什么有人会认为语言是文化相分离的社会最具影响力的识别要素？
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宗教可能以什么方式影响一个社会的其他文化特质？
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把宗教分类为普世宗教、民族宗教或部落宗教如何能够帮助我们了解其分布与扩散模式？
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文化互渗是怎样发生的？文化互渗过程中民族优越感是否会造成障碍？文化互渗与同化有何区别？
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族群、种族和文化概念如何相互联系？
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延伸阅读
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Bamshad, Michael J., and Steve E. Olson. “Does Race Exist？” Scientific American, December 2003, pp. 78-85.
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Brewer, Cynthis, and Trudy Suchan. Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureauof the Census, 2001.
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Comrie, Bernard, ed. The World’s Major Languages. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
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Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Lanuage. 2d. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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———. Language Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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———. The Stories of English. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press, 2004.
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Domosh, Mona, and Joni Seager. Putting-Womenin Place. New York: Guilford Press, 2001.
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Encyclopedia of World Religions, ed. Wendy Doniger. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam Webster, 1999.
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Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P., and Stuart Christopher Munro Hay. Historical Atlas of Islam. New York: Continuum, 2002.
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Gaustad, Edwin Scott, and Philip L. Barlow, with Richard W. Dishno. The New Historical Atlas of Religionin America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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“International Migration and Ethnic Segregation: Impactson Urban Areas,” special issue, Urban Studies 35, no. 3 (March 1998).
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Lane, Belden C. Landscapes of the Sacred: Geography and Narrativein American Spirituality, expanded ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
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Momsen, Janet H.“Gender Biasin Develop-ment.”In The New Third World, 2ded., ed. Alonso Gonzalez and Jim Norwine, pp. 93-111. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998.
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Moseley, Christopher, and R.E. Asher, eds. Atlas of the World’s Languages. London: Routledge, 1994.
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