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Wheeler, James O. “Notes on the Rise of the Area Studies Tradition in U.S. Geography, 1920-1929.” Professional Geographer 38 (1986)
:53-61.
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Whittlesey, Derwent. “The Regional Concept and the Regional Method.” In American Geography: Inventory and Prospect, ed. Preston E. James and Clarence F. Jones. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press (for the Association of American Geographers), 1954.
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@万维网上和地理学有关的网站极其丰富。与本章主题有关的网站请见与本书有关的在线学习中心的“Web Links”部分。网址:www.mhhe.com/getis11e.
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① hierarchy system,原译作等级系统。全国科学技术名词审定委员会公布的《地理学名词》第2版(2006,科学出版社)译作递阶系统,释义为:“多个系统的集合,其中亚系统分层次地相互作用。”——译注
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② popular region多译作热门地区。此处根据本文语意,暂译作俚俗区。——译注
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③ 原文Dixie,是指美国南部和东部的地区,通常包括内战中组成南部邦联的各州。该称呼因19世纪中叶流行的说唱歌曲《迪克西的土地》(Dixie Land)而普及。——译注
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④ Adapted from The Physiographic Provinces of North America by Wallace W. Atwood. (© Copyright, 1940, by Ginn and Company. Used by permission of Silver, Burdett & Ginn, Inc.) ——原注
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⑤ George R. Rumney, Climatology and the World’s Climates. New York: Macmillan, 1968. Used by permission.——原注
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⑥ By Jerome Fellmann.——原注
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⑦ From Glenn T. Trewartha, The Less Developed Realm: A Geography of Its Population. Copyright © 1972 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.——原注
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⑧ By Jerome Fellmann.——原注
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⑨ T. T. Waterman, “Yurok Geography,” University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 16, no. 5 (1920): 189-93.——原注
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⑩ By Jerome Fellmann.——原注
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⑪ By Jerome Fellmann. ——原注
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⑫ Jean Gottmann, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States. Copyright © 1961. Twentieth Century Fund, New York. Reprinted with permission.——原注
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⑬ corporate park亦称office park,此处暂译作写字楼群。——译注
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⑭ 据《地理学名词》的定义,生物群系是“以占优势的或主要植被类型和气候类型所确定的地理区域”。——译注
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⑮ With permission from Natural History, November, 1966. © Copyright American Museum of Natural History, 1966.——原注
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⑯ saw grass,锯齿草, 尤指产于美国东南部的牙买加砖子苗( Cladium)。——译注
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地理学与生活(插图第11版) 附录:地图投影
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地图投影就是把地球曲面展示在平面的纸张上。不管你如何绞尽脑汁想把世界“压平”,你用投影的方法永远也无法把地球的细节按其正确的相对大小、形状、距离或方向表示出来。地图上有些地方总是不能正确反映其实际地理位置,地图学家的任务就是选出并保留地球上对我们当前的意图有特殊意义的那些联系,尽量减少或者接受那些不可避免但不甚重要的歪曲。
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如果直视地球仪,我们只能看见前面而看不到后面。要绘制一张世界地图,就必须采用一种方法把我们看得见的半球的曲面压平。然后必须把地图从看不见的半球的中间剪开,把后面的2个1/4各自贴在可见半球的两边。简单地说,就是必须从地球仪上把地图一片片地“剥”下来并将其压平,就像把柑橘皮剥开压平一样(图A.1)。在“剥离”和“展平”的过程中,地图表面不可避免地会发生断裂,或者为了使地图展平导致地球表面拉伸或收缩。
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