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问题与讨论
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粗出生率和生育率有何区别？哪个是对人口再生产数量更精确的说明？
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粗死亡率如何计算？说明自1945年来世界死亡率下降的原因是什么？
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人口金字塔如何构建？何种形状的“金字塔”反映人口快速增长的人口结构？何种“金字塔”反映人口增长缓慢的人口结构？根据“金字塔”的形状能对未来人口数量做出怎样的判断？
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我们从自然增长率的格局中能够察觉怎样的变化，并由此了解人口增长的情况？什么样的自然增长率会使人口在35年内倍增？
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根据现有人口状况如何预测未来人口数量？预测是否和预报一样？如果不是，它们在哪些方面有所不同？
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描述人口转型的各阶段。转型的最后阶段出现在何处？看来适用于世界上其他地方人口转型的是什么？
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对比人口原始密度、生理密度和农业密度，它们各自可能用于何种目的？为何承载力与密度概念有关？
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对于人口增长与粮食供应之间的关系，马尔萨斯所隐含的假设是什么？新马尔萨斯主义和原来的学说有何差别？新马尔萨斯主义暗示了怎样的政府政策？
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为何人口惯性对人口预测至关重要？在预测人口增长、稳定或下降状态的时候，世界上哪些地区的人口惯性影响最大？
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延伸阅读
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Brea, Jorge A.“Population Dynamics in Latin America.” Population Bulletin 58, no. 1. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2003.
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Brown, Lester R., Gary Gardner, and Brian Halweil. Beyond Malthus: Nineteen Dimensions of the Population Challenge. New York: Norton, 1999.
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Bulatao, Rodolfo A., and John B. Casterline, eds. Global Fertility Transition. Supplement to Population and Development Review 27 (2001).
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Castles, Stephen, and Mark J. Miller. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. 3d ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2003.
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Cohen, Joel E. “Human Population Grows Up.” Scientific American, September 2005, pp. 48-55.
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De Souza, Roger-Mark, John S. Williams, and Frederick A.B. Meyerson, “Critical Links: Population, Health, and the Environment.” Population Bulletin 58, no. 3. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2003.
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Gelbard, Alene, Carl Haub, and Mary M. Kent. “World Population Beyond Six Billion.” Population Bulletin 54, no. 1. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 1999.
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Harrison, Paul, and Fred Pearce. AAAS Atlas of Population and Environment, ed. Victoria D. Markham. Berkeley, Calif.: American Association for the Advancement of Science and the University of California Press, 2001.
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Haupt, Arthur, and Thomas Kane. Population Handbook. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2004.
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Kent, Mary M., and Carl Haub. “Global Demographic Divide.” Population Bulletin 60, no. 4. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2005.
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Kinsella, Kevin, and David R. Phillips. “Global Aging: The Challenge of Success.”Population Bulletin 60, no. 1. Washington D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2005.
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Martin, Philip, and Jonas Widgren. “International Migration: Facing the Challenge.” Population Bulletin 57, no. 1. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2002.
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McFalls, Joseph A., Jr. “Population: A Lively Introduction.” 4th ed. Population Bulletin 58, no. 4. Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2003.
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Newbold, K. Bruce. Six Billion Plus: Population Issues in the Twenty-First Century. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002.
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