1705618504
1705618505
[58]W.A.Garesché,Complete Story of the Martinique and Saint Vincent Horrors(Chicago
:Monarch,1902),155.
1705618506
1705618507
[59]Holden,32–33.
1705618508
1705618509
[60]J.H.Coatsworth,“American Trade with European Colonies,1790–1812,”William ＆ Mary Quarterly,Series 3,24(April 1967),243.
1705618510
1705618511
[61]T.O’Brien,“Making the Americas,”The History Compass,2(2004),1–29.
1705618512
1705618513
[62]President Madison’s message to Congress,Nov.5,1811,in J.Richardson,A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of Presidents,www.gutenberg.org.Also W.S.Robertson,“The Recognition of the Hispanic American Nations by the United States,”HAHR,1,no.3(Aug.1918),239–69.
1705618514
1705618515
[63]Dec.10,1811,ibid.,242.
1705618516
1705618518
1705618519
[65]Robertson,“Recognition,”239–69.
1705618520
1705618521
[66]据估算，委内瑞拉在1810年的人口为80万。共和国人口只是其中的一小部分。1810年加拉加斯人口为4万。在这次地震中（委内瑞拉各地的）死亡人数从2万到5万不等。See Bethell,150.
1705618522
1705618523
[67]Austria,299.
1705618524
1705618525
[68]Parra-Pérez,Historia,440.
1705618526
1705618527
[69]O’L,XXVII,56.
1705618528
1705618529
[70]Becerra,Ensayo histórico,II,219–20.
1705618530
1705618531
[71]Heredia,49.一些资料来源（e.g.,Sherwell,35）提到米兰达有多达1.2万名士兵。
1705618532
1705618533
[72]O’L,XXVII,56.
1705618534
1705618535
[73]Archivo General de Indias(Sevilla),Caracas,385,in McKinley,Pre-Revolutionary Caracas,211.
1705618536
1705618537
[74]Paz del Castillo to Miranda,Caracas,July 5,1812,Archivo del General Miranda,XXIV,288.Also G.R.Andrews,Afro-Latin America,1800–2000(New York
:Oxford,2003),59.
1705618538
1705618539
[75]“Acta de la decisión,”La Victoria,July 12,1812,Miranda,América espera,461.
1705618540
1705618541
[76]The Conscription Act,Robertson,Francisco de Miranda,466.
1705618542
1705618543
[77]Miranda to L.M.Martín,La Victoria,July 2,1812,Miranda,América espera,460.
1705618544
1705618545
[78]M.Lucena,“La sociedad de la provincia de Caracas a comienzos del siglo XIX,”in Anuario de Estudios Americanos,XXXVII,8–11.
1705618546
1705618547
[79]Miranda to John Turnbull,Dover,Dec.6,1798,in Archivo del General Miranda,XXIV,207.
1705618548
1705618549
[80]Flinter,History of the Revolution,50.
1705618550
1705618551
[81]Ibid.
1705618552
1705618553
[82]Madariaga,170.
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