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15. On Bramante, see DBI; A. Bruschi, Bramante (London, 1977); Malaguzzi–Valeri, 1913–23, vol. 2: Bramante e Leonardo .
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16. On Ambrogio and his family, see Shell 2000, 123–30.
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17. Beltrami 1919, docs. 23–4. On the complex history of this painting, see Davies 1947; Sironi 1981; Marani 2003; Zöllner, Burlington Magazine 143 (2001), 35–7; Zöllner 2003, 223– 4.
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18. Clark 1988,90–91. 这一论点的难点之一在于,这幅画是为了适配一个1482年制作的画框(马伊诺在1482年8月7日收到了制作画框的钱)。在一张蓝色预制纸上,画着幼年基督(BM 253a),这种纸就是列奥纳多在佛罗伦萨用的那种;但其他同种类纸上的素描有可能是他早年在米兰时画的(CA 1094r/ 394r–b; RL 12652r)。See PC 2.312.
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19. ASM, Autografidei pittori 102/34, 10; Glasser 1977, 345–6. 一份文件明确显示,1484年12月28日,列奥纳多和德·普雷迪斯兄弟收到了730里拉,这笔报酬的支付时间可能也是他们完成卢浮宫绘画的时间(Shell and Sironi 2000),但马拉尼对具体的完工时间有所怀疑,他认为是1489年(Marani 2003, 7)。
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20. For some of the links in this speculative chain, see Ottino della Chiesa 1967, 93–5; Marani 2001, 140–42; Gould 1975. On Ambrogio’s presence in Innsbruck, see Shell 1998a, 124; Malaguzzi–Valeri 1913–23, 3.7–8.
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21. RL 12519. Cf. Clark and Pedretti 1968, 1.92; Clayton 2002, 55.
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22. On the setting, see R. Papa, ‘Il misterio dell’ origine’, Art e dossier 159 (2000).
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23. Embolden 1987, 125–32.
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24. Triv 6v, (R 891) with diagram.
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25. CA 184v/65v–b, R 1203, c. 1493.
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26. CA 950v/346v–a. ‘Spirits of wine’ = aqua vitae. Cf. B 3v: ‘Note how spirit collects in itself all the colours and scents of wild flowers.’
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27. B 15v–16r (illustrated), 36r–39r, etc. The lavatory: 53r. 在位于乌尔比诺的费德里科·达·蒙特费尔特罗工作室中,弗朗切斯科·迪·乔治·马尔蒂尼完成了一幅主题为“理想城市”的绘画,他在米兰认识了列奥纳多。在城市规划的后期(见本章第25条注释),列奥纳多设想了一种将米兰分成10个卫星城的方案,每个卫星城有5000处住宅。Cf. Fors 3 64V, which studies an area between the Porta Romana and the Porta Tosa, representing one of these tenths.
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28. CA 1059v/381v–b, c. 1485.
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29. Daily Telegraph , 17 March 2000 (preparation) and 27 June 2000 (jump); Sunday Times , 2 July 2000. The ‘coated linen’ (pannolino intasato , literally ‘blocked–up linen’) of Leonardo’sspecification probably means starched.
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30. Inventory nos. JBS 17r, v (both illustrated), 18r, v. 其中一则讽喻画(18r)画了蛇、狐狸和老鹰,很明显带有政治寓意,但其实际寓意为何很模糊:see Kemp 1989, 156–7。
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31. Triv 96r, 98r; G. Perro, Archivio storico Lombardo 8, Pt 4 (1881); R 676n.
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32. RL 19097, c. 1493.
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33. Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Zöllner 2003, no. 396.
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34. Popham 1946, 58.
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35. On the handwriting of MS B, see Marinoni’s introduction to the facsimile edition, 1990; Calvi 1925, 45; Pedretti 1995, 22.
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36. According to notes by Gulielmo Libri, one of the lost pages of MS B (fol. 3) bore the date 1482. See PC 2.401. 手稿fol. 94r(现在的BN 2037, fol. D)上残缺不全但清晰的轮廓,显然画的是站立的丽达。这幅素描也很神秘:目前已知的丽达素描几乎没有早于1504年的。这可能是偶然从后来的草稿纸上压印下来的。
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37. B 39v.
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38. B33r.
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39. Kemp 1989, 236–9; M. Cianchi 1984, 45–55. 这些设计图案和同样绘于1487年前后的CA 824v/302v–a上的扑翼飞机很像。B 74v上的设计是詹姆士·温克构建全尺寸模型时的主要参考来源(Tetra Associates for the Hayward Gallery, London, 1989)。模型的翼展超过35英尺,全长大概 10英尺。材料是列奥纳多特别准备的,或是当时只能取得这些,包括山毛榉木材、铁和黄铜、麻绳、油麻绳、皮革和动物油脂,重达650磅。这也暴露出列奥纳多的飞行器的最基本问题:缺乏一种足够轻的材料来达到飞行所需的功率重量比。
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