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1705663073
40. CA 888r/324r. 一份15世纪90年代左右的备忘录清单（CA 611r/225r–b）包括了这样一句话“gruppi di Bramante”： 里希特（R 1448）把gruppi翻译为“群体”，但这个词也可能是groppi的变体，指列奥纳多的朋友多纳托·布拉曼特设计的绳结。
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41. Lomazzo 1584, 430; PC 2.328.
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42. The ‘Madrid book–list’ of c. 1504 (Ma II 2v–3v) contains three copies of Aesop: a ‘favole d’isopo ’, an ‘isopo in versi ’, and a French edition, ‘isopo illingia francosa ’, perhaps Les Fables de Esope (Lyons, 1484).
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43. 1516年佛罗伦萨出版的新闻通讯标题是《1516年10月印度洋群岛寄来一封安德烈·科萨利写给尊贵的朱利亚诺·德·美第奇公爵的信》（Letter of Andrea Corsali to the Illustrious Duke Giuliano de’Medici which arrived from the Indies in the month of October 1516 ）。1513年至1516年，列奥纳多为朱利亚诺服务。See Vecce 1998, 317, 442.
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44. Ammirato 1637, 2.242.
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1705663083
45. Horse shown from behind: RL 12308r. Ox and ass: RL 12362r. Others: Zöllner 2003, nos. 89–93. Also early is the proportional study of a horse, RL 12318, perhaps connected to Verrocchio’s project for the equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni. See Clayton 2002, 34.
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1705663085
46. Zöllner 2003, no. 13, silverpoint on buff–coloured prepared paper. At auction it ‘soared past its £3.5m estimate in seconds’ (Maeve Kennedy, Guardian, 11 July 2001).
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47. RL 12653.
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48. BM 1895–9–15–447 (Zöllner 2003, no. 157); I 48r. See also RL 12361–red chalk with right–handed shading, thus probably a Melzi copy–and RL 12714.
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49. F 47r, c.1508.
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50. See Part III n. 10 below.
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51. H 109r.
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52. RL 12363.
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53. CA 477v/175v–a.
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54. 关于列奥纳多提到的树和植物的完整名单，见 Embolden 1987, 213–15。在列奥纳多的黑莓灌木丛草图中（RL 12419–20, ’25–6, ’29），我们可以看到他描绘了一大丛复杂的野生植物，这可能和他1504年至1505年左右的与《丽达与天鹅》相关的习作有关。在一页画着林地的灌木丛（RL 12431r）的稿纸背面，还有一棵单独的洋槐树。
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1705663103
55. CU 12r, McM 42.
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56. BN 2038, 27v, formerly part of A, c. 1490–92.
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1705663107
57. CA 505v/184v–c, R 493. 标题中的“哲学家”一词似乎被删掉了。
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1705663109
58. Bramly 1992, 86.
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1705663111
59. CU 12r–12v, McM 42.
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1705663113
60. Uffizi GDS 436E; RL 12685.
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61. For recent attempts to identify the landscape, see Natali 1999, 137–48, Nanni 1999, 7–17.
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1705663117
62. Tn 6v.
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63. Landucci 1927, 35. 卢卡圣塞希莉亚教堂（Capella di Santa Cecilia in Lucca）同样建在墙外，那里曾藏有一幅神奇的圣母像。如今，呈弧线形的文艺复兴时期的城墙围住了这座教堂。
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1705663121
64. Bramly 1992, 84–5; PC 2.314.
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