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1705663543
67. ASF, ibid., 75r, 77v, 79r, 8IV Villata 1999, nos. 15–17.
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68. On the religious iconography of the painting, see Natali 2001, 40ff.; Zöllner 2003, 56–9.
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69. Beck quoted by Catherine Milner, Daily Telegraph , 3 June 2001. A letter denouncing the plan as a ‘folly’ was signed by forty experts including Sir Ernst Gombrich (Artwatch UK , June 2001).
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70. Conversation with Alfio del Serra, 29 June 2001.
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1705663551
71. Melinda Henneburger, ‘The Leonardo cover–up’, New York Times , 21 April 2002.
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72. On Vasari’s woodcuts and their accuracy: Boase 1971, 68–72. On Renaissance self– portraiture: Zöllner 1992; Woods–Marsden 1998.
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73. 在曼特尼亚的早期壁画《圣雅各的布道》(St James Preaching )上,画中徽章上的那张脸可能也是一幅自画像,但是这幅壁画1944年被盟军炸毁,保留下来的照片未能清晰地显示面孔。
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74. Pedretti 1998a, 25; Grafton 2000, 127–33.
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75. Vecce 1998, 75–6; Pedretti 1957, 34. For a later connection between Rucellai and Leonardo, see Benvenuto della Golpaja, ‘Libro di macchine’ (see Part III n. 21), 7v, where a drawing of a hydraulic device is said to be ‘a copy of an instrument sent by Leonardo da Vinci to Bernardo Rucellai’; the drawing resembles some studies in G93v–95r, c. 1510.
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76. Bellincioni, Rime (Milan, 1493), 1v; Uzielli 1872, 99.
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77. CA 1082r/391r–a. 这里的段落排序是按修改本的段落顺序罗列的,修改本变更了原本的段落顺序(比如关于海军武器的第9段,在原本中被列在第4段之后)。修改本显然晚于原本,但不会晚太久,因为是出自同一人之手。
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78. Mangonel: ‘a military engine for casting stones’; caltrop: ‘an iron ball with four sharp prongs… used to impede cavalry’ (Shorter Oxford Dictionary ).
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79. 和这份简介中描述的一些武器相关的素描大部分绘于15世纪80年代中期(见第四章第9条注释)。这些武器只存在于纸上,从未在现实中被造出来过。第一段中易于移动的、“不用铁或绳索就能做成的”轻便木桥,是列奥纳多1502年为切萨雷·波吉亚的部队建造的(Luca Pacioli, De viribus quantitatis , 2.85)。他还设计了一些能排出战壕中的水的机械(第二段),有可能在1503年至1504年流产的阿尔诺河改道项目中使用。但是目前没有任何文献记录按照他的规格实际生产出来的武器。
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80. Studies for the monument by Antonio del Pollaiuolo: Staatliche Graphische Sammlung, Munich; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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第四章
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1. CA 1113r/400r–b, referring to a journey from Milan to Florence in September 1513.
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1705663575
2. C 19v.
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3. Bramly 1992, 198. On Ludovico Sforza, see Lopez 1982; Malaguzzi–Valeri 1913–23; C. Santoro, Gli Sforza (Milan, 1929).
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4. CA 199v/73v–a, c. 1510. Other sketch–maps of the city are in RL 19115 and CA 184v/65v– b. 在早期印制的地图中,最完整的版本是布劳恩和霍根伯格制作的那版[Civitatis orbis terrarum (1572), vol. 1, map 42],这版地图是基于安东尼奥·拉弗雷里(Antonio Lafreri)1560年雕刻的版画绘制的。在16世纪地图流行起来前,人们似乎没有印制的地图。唯一尚存的中世纪大门是建于1171年的优美的有着三重拱门的“新门”(Porta Nuova,or Porta Orientale)。
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5. 罗马门浮雕现在位于斯福尔扎城堡的古代艺术博物馆(Museo d’Arte Antica),托萨门上的一幅做出猥亵手势的妇女的浮雕(有时据说是为了展示巴巴罗萨的妻子)也同样如此,后者16世纪时被圣嘉俸䘵·鲍荣茂(St Carlo Borromeo)下令移走。
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6. Codex Magliabechiano II 4, 195; PC 2.31.
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7. Ma I, note on inside cover.
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8. Bramly 1992, 200.
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9. Scattershot cannon: RL 12652. Armoured car (illustrated): BM 1860–6–16–99. See Kemp 1989, 138–9, 230–32.
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10. Artillery–yard: RL 12647.
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