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注释中使用了以下缩略词表示档案收藏机构：
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BHL Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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CAH The Center for American History, The University of Texas, Austin
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ESBL Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Library, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond,Va. LC Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
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LCP The Library Company of Philadelphia
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MAHS Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston
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MOHS Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis
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NARA National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
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NYHS New-York Historical Society, New York City
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NYPL Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, Astor, Lennox, and Tilden Foundations, New York City
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PAHRC Philadelphia Archdiocesan Historical Research Center, Wynnewood, Pa.
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RBMSC Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library. Duke University, Durham, N.C.
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SCHS South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston
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SCL South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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SHC Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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VHS Virginia Historical Society, Richmond
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VMIA Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington
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WFCHS Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society, Winchester, Va.
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WHS Wisconsin Historical Society Archives, Madison
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序言
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[1][Stephen Elliott],Obsequies of the Reverend Edward E. Ford, D.D., and Sermon by the Bishop of the Diocese…(Augusta, Ga.: Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel, 1863), p. 8.
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[2]James David Hacker,“The Human Cost of War: White Population in the United States, 1850—1880”, Ph.D. diss. (University of Minnesota, 1999), pp. 1, 14. Hacker认为，由于对南部邦联死于疾病人数估计不足，内战死亡人数可能被严重低估。内战伤亡及死亡率数据是全盘有问题的，南部邦联记录的不完整使这些数据尤其不可信。参阅该书第八章。Maris A. Vinovskis的结论是，北部13至45岁白人男性有大约6%死于战争，而在南部，相同年龄段的白人男性则有18%死去。但因为在南方白人中军事动员程度更高，南部士兵死亡率是北方的两倍而非三倍。詹姆斯·麦克弗森所引用的死亡率是南部邦联士兵31%，联邦士兵16%。Gary Gallagher认为，Vinovskis估计的南部总体死亡率太低了；他估计，四个而非五个达到参军年龄的南部白人男子中，便有一个人在战火中丧生。我所引用的是更为保守的总数。参见Vinovskis,“Have Social Historians Lost the Civil War?”载于Maris A.Vinovskis, ed.,Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 3—7; James M. McPherson, personal communication to author, December 27, 2006; Gary Gallagher, personal communication to author, December 16, 2006。
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[3]James M. McPherson,Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam(NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 3, 177, n. 56.
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[4][Francis W. Palfrey],In Memoriam: H.L.A.(Boston: Printed for private distribution, 1864), p. 5; Richard Shryock,“A Medical Perspective on the Civil War,”American Quarterly 14(Summer1962): 164; H. Clay Trumbull,War Memories of an Army Chaplain (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1898), p. 67.这段时间的关键数据非常少，最完整的数据只涵盖马萨诸塞州。我感谢天普大学（Temple University）的历史人口学家Gretchen Condran同我讨论这些问题。参见U.S. Bureau of the Census,Historical Statistics of the United States, Part I (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975), pp. 62—63。关于19世纪中叶的英格兰“一个成年孩子的过早死亡”之为“尤其令人痛心的事情”，参见Patricia Jalland,Death in the Victorian Family(New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 39。
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[5]“死亡之丰收”意象一次引人注目的呈现，出现于Timothy O’Sullivan的一张关于葛底斯堡战场满地死人的照片被加的标题中，此照片出自Alexander Gardner, Gardner’sPhotographic Sketchbook of the War(1866; rpt. New York: Dover, 1959), plate 36; Kate Stone, Brokenburn
:The Journal of Kate Stone, 1861—1868, ed. John Q. Anderson (Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, 1955), p. 264; C. W. Greene to John McLees, August 15, 1862, McLees Family Papers, SCL。
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