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[40]“Soldiers’ Cemetery at Belle Plain Va May 23 1864”, Box 192.3, folder 4; “Plot of Soldiers’ Cemetery, Port Royal Va 28 May 1864,” Box 192.3, folder 5, U.S. Sanitary Commission Records, NYPL.
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[41]Cornelius的话引自Christine Quigley, The Corpse: A History (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 1963), p. 55。参见Cain and Cornelius Ledger, 1859, 1862, RBMSC。
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[42]“The Terrible Telegram,” March 18, 1863; Henry I. Bowditch to My Own Sweet Wife [Olivia Yardley Bowditch], March 19, 1863,均引自Manuscripts Relating to Lieutenant Nathaniel Bowditch, vol. 2, pp.98, 92, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS。
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[43]Henry I. Bowditch, A Brief Plea for an Ambulance System for the Army of the United States (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1863), pp. 6, 15.
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[44]Coco, Strange and Blighted Land, pp. 114—115, 110;命令引自Christian Recorder, August 1, 1863, p. 1。
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[45]Alexander的话引自Kent Masterson Brown, Retreat from Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics and the Pennsylvania Campaign (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), p. 50;另参见pp. 371—372, 381。
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[46]Receipt, August 15, 1862, Goodwin Family Papers, MAHS; Alvin F. Harlow, Old Waybills: The Romance of the Express Companies (New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1934), p. 299.另参见Stillman King Wightman, “In Search of My Son,” American Heritage 14 (February 1963), pp. 64—78。
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[47]Stotelmyer, Bivouacs of the Dead, p. 15.
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[48]Staunton Transportation Company, “Transportation of the Dead!” (Gettysburg, Pa.: H. J. Stahle, 1863), broadside, LCP.
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[49]Robert W. Habenstein and William M. Lamers, The History of American Funeral Directing (Milwaukee: Bulfin Printers, 1955), pp.33—335.
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[50]关于Ellsworth，参见Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Magazine, June 1, 1861, pp. 40—41.关于尸体防腐术，另参见Michael Sappol,A Traffic of Dead Bodies: Anatomy and Embodied Social Identity in Nineteenth-Century America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002)。
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[51]Charlotte Elizabeth McKay, Stories of Hospital and Camp (Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger, 1876), p. 47
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[52]Richmond Enquirer, June 2, 1863, p. 2; December 4, 1863, p. 3; Charles R. Wilson, “The Southern Funeral Director: Managing Deathin the New South,” Georgia Historical Quarterly 67 (Spring 1983)
:53.
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[53]Habenstein and Lamers, History of American Funeral Directing, pp. 330, 334.另参 见Gary Laderman, The Sacred Remains
:American Attitudes Towards Death, 1799—1883 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996)与Karen Pomeroy Flood, “Contemplating Corpses: The Dead Body in American Culture, 1870—1920,” Ph.D.diss. (Harvard University, 2001)。
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[54]George A. Townsend, Rustics in Rebellion: A Yankee Reporteron the Road to Richmond, 1861—1865 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950), pp. 121—122, 153—154.
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[55]Hardie to Provost Marshal General, City Point, November 23, 1864, M619, 2195, S1864 Roll 309, NARA; Turner and Baker Files, November 8, 1864, 363-B, M797, Roll 130, NARA; R. Burr to Brig. Gen. M. R. Patrick, November 21, 1864, M619 2195 S1864 Roll309, NARA.
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[56]War Department, Quartermaster General’s Office, Compilation of Laws, Orders, Opinions, Instructions, Etc. in Regard to National Military Cemeteries (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1878), p. 5.另参见Monro MacCloskey, Hallowed Ground: Our National Cemeteries (New York: Richard Rosens Press, 1968), p.24。
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[57]Garry Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992).
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[58]Trumbull, War Memories of a Chaplain, p. 209.
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[59]Bowditch, BriefPlea, p. 15.
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[60]“纳特”，即前文“纳撒尼尔”的昵称。——译注
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[61]“大赚一笔”（“make a killing”），字面意思为“制造屠杀”。——译注
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第四章 寻名
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[1]Walt Whitman, Specimen Days (1882; rpt. Boston: David Godine, 1971), p. 60.
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[2]Caroline Alexander, “Letter from Vietnam: Across the River Styx”, New Yorker, October 25, 2004, p. 44.另参见Michael Sledge, Soldier Dead: How We Recover, Identify, Bury, and Honor Our Military Fallen (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004)。
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