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[20]Richard Deering, June 13, 1864, Louisville Hospital Directory Archives, Chattanooga, Special Inquiries, April 8, 1864, to August 25, 1864, Box 284.2, folder 1, p. 58; Report of Hospital Directory, July 9, 1864, Washington Hospital Directory Archives, Box 192.3, folder 12, U.S. Sanitary Commission Records, NYPL; “The Hospital Directory”, Sanitary Commission Bulletin 1 (December 15, 1863)
:109.
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[21]Report of Hospital Directory, July 9, 1864, Washington Hospital Directory Archives, Box 192.3, folder 12, U.S. Sanitary Commission Records, NYPL.关于伤亡数字，参见James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), p. 742。
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22Peter Williams to Dear Sir, March 28, 1863, Philadelphia Agency, Hospital Directory Correspondence, vol. 1, Box 596, U.S. Sanitary Commission Records, NYPL. Susannah Hampton to Dear Sir, September 14, 1863, Philadelphia Agency, Hospital Directory Correspondence, vol. 2, Box 597, U.S. Sanitary Commission Records, NYPL.
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23Mrs. Biddy Higgins to Sir, December 16, 1863, Philadelphia Agency, Hospital Directory Correspondence, vol. 2, Box 597, U.S. Sanitary Commission Records, NYPL.
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24John Bowne to John W. Wilson, December 17, 1863, Philadelphia Agency, Hospital Directory Correspondence, vol. 2, Box 597, U.S. Sanitary Commission Records, NYPL.
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25Stillé, History of Sanitary Commission, pp. 310, 309.
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26Louisiana Soldiers’ Relief Association and Hospital in the City of Richmond, Virginia (Richmond, Va.: Enquirer Book and Job Press, 1862), p. 30; Kurt O. Berends, “‘Wholesome Reading Purifies and Elevates the Man’: The Religious Military Press in the Confederacy”,in Randall M. Miller, Harry S. Stout, and Charles Reagan Wilson, eds., Religion and the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 147.
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27P. Hunter to Oliver H. Middleton, July 27, 1864; Henry W. Richardsto Oliver H. Middleton, December 19, 1864; E. W. Mikell to Colonel B. H. Rutledge, June 21, 1864,均来自Middleton-Blake Papers, SCHS。
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28Harper’s Weekly, September 3, 1864, p. 576.
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29W. H. Fowler, Guide for Claimants of Deceased Soldiers (Richmond, Va.: Geo. P. Evans & Co., 1864), pp. 66, 17; Megan McClintock, “Civil War Pensions and the Reconstruction of Union Families”, Journal of American History 83 (September 1996): 456—480; Theda Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States (Cambridge; Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp. 106—107.
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30Daily South Carolinian, May 17, 1864; W. D. Rutherford, telegramto Sallie F. Rutherford, July 6, 1862, William Drayton Rutherford Papers, SCL.
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31Gregory Coco, Killed in Action: Eyewitness Accounts of the Last Moments of 100 Union Soldiers Who Died at Gettysburg (Gettysburg, Pa.: Thomas Publications, 1992), p. 76; Harper’s Weekly, August 1, 1863, p. 495, and September 3, 1864, p. 576.Murphey的话引自Richard F. Miller, and Robert F. Moore, The Civil War: The Nantucket Experience, Including the Memoirs of Josiah Fitch Murphey (Nantucket, Mass.: Wesco Publishing, 1994), p. 80。
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32Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2001), p. 41.
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33Katharine Prescott Wormeley, The Other Side of War: With the Army of the Potomac. Letters from the Headquarters of the United States Sanitary Commission During thePeninsular Campaign in Virginia in 1862 (Boston: Ticknor & Co. 1889), p. 145; Clara Barton, Journal, 1863, Clara Barton Papers, LC; T. J. Weatherly Diary, 1864—1865, SCL.
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[34]Walt Whitman, Memoranda During the War (1875; rpt. Bedford, Mass.: Applewood Books, 1993), p. 5; Edwin Haviland Miller, ed., Walt Whitman: The Correspondence (New York: New YorkUniversity Press, 1961), vol. 1, p. 59; Walt Whitman, “A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim”, Civil War Poetry and Prose(New York: Dover, 1995), p. 16; Whitman, Memoranda, p. 36; M.Wynn Thomas, “Fratricide and Brotherly Love: Whitman and the CivilWar”, in Ezra Greenspan, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Walt Whitman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 35.
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[35]Times的话引自Thomas, “Fratricide and Brotherly Love”, pp. 32—33; James Perrin Warren, “Reading Whitman’s Postwar Poetry,” in Greenspan, ed., Cambridge Companion to Whitman, p. 46; Whitma n, Memoranda, pp. 65—67; Miller, ed., Whitman
:Correspondence, vol. 1, p. 259。
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[36]Walt Whitman, “Come Up from the Fields Father”, in Civil War Poetry and Prose, pp. 12—14.另参见Walt Whitman, The Wound Dresser, ed. Richard Maurice Bucke (Boston: Small Maynard & Co., 1898); John Harmon McElroy, ed.,The Sacrificial Years: A Chronicle of Walt Whitman’s Experiences in the Civil War (Boston: David Godine, 1999); Roy Morris Jr., The Better Angel: Walt Whitman in the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)。
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[37]O’Neal的话引自Gregory A. Coco, Gettysburg’s Confederate Dead (Gettysburg, Pa.: Thomas Publications, 2003), p. 15。
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[38]Daily South Carolinian, July 21, 1864.这些是由这位卡罗来纳人“从里士满的报纸”抄录下来的。New York Daily News, February 5, 1864, February 4, 1864, January 8, 1864。
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[39]Oliver Wendell Holmes, “My Hunt After ‘The Captain’”, Atlantic Monthly 10 (December 1862): 764.
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[40]Robert E. Lee to Joseph Hooker, February 14, 1863; Joseph Hooker to Robert E. Lee, February 16, 1863; Robert E. Lee to Fanny Scott, February 18, 1863; Charles S. Venable to Fanny Scott, April 1, 1863; William Alexander Hammond to Robert E. Lee, March 23, 1863; Thomas M. R. Talcott to Fanny Scott, April 18, 1963; E. A. Hitchcock to Fanny Scott, July 25, 1865,均来自Scott Family Papers, VHS。对一个相应事例 ——即南部邦联将军James Longstreet对一个寻找儿子的北方妇女的帮助 ——的描述，参见Mrs. T. B. Hurlbut to Clara Barton, September 26, 1865, Clara Barton Papers, LC。
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[41]Coco, Strange and Blighted Land, p. 48; Robert G. Carter, Four Brothers in Blue (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1978), pp. 324—325.
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[42]关于死亡促进团结的力量，参见David Blight, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge, Mass.
:Harvard University Press, 2001)与Drew Gilpin Faust, “The Civil War Soldier and the Art of Dying”, Journal of Southern History 67(February 2001): 5。
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[43]Mrs. R. L. Leach to Clara Barton, March 28, 1874, Clara Barton Papers, LC; Gregory Coco, Wasted Valor: The Confederate Dead at Gettysburg (Gettysburg, Pa.: Thomas Publications, 1990), p. 141.Sébastien Japrisot以此为基础的电影与小说A Very Long Engagement，以一战为背景讲述了一个失踪士兵在被找到时已患有遗忘症的故事。
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[44]Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs to Surgeon General, September 19, 1868, Office of the Quartermaster General, Consolidated Correspondence File, 179—1915, Portrait of Unknown Soldier, RG 92, Box 1173, NARA, Mrs. Jenny McConkey to Meigs, November 4, 1868; Ellen Hardback to Meigs, October 26, 1868; Mrs. J. P. Coppersmith to Meigs, November 30, 1868; James M. Truitt to Meigs, November 6, 1868, all ibid.参见“An Unknown Soldier,” Harper’s Weekly, October 24, 1868, p. 679。
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