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[25]Philadelphia Inquirer, July 3, 1863; Richmond Enquirer, April 25, 1861, p. 3; New York Times, May 31, 1863, p. 6.
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[26]Godey’s Lady’s Book 71 (August 1865): 106; 64 (June 1862)
:617; 68 (May 1864): 498.
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[27]Mary D. Robertson, ed., Lucy Breckinridge of Grove Hill: The Journal of a Virginia Girl, 1862—1864 (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1979), pp. 80—81; Daily South Carolinian, February 26, 1864; Patricia Loughridge and Edward D. C.Campbell Jr., Women in Mourning (Richmond, Va.: Museum of the Confederacy, 1985), p. 24.
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[28]“The Massachusetts Dead Returned from Baltimore,” Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, May 11, 1861, p. 410; Christian Recorder, May 11, 1861; John Marszalek, ed., The Diary of Miss Emma Holmes, 1861—1866 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979), pp. 69—70.在这场战争的头几个月，葬礼得到了新闻报道的关注，但随着葬礼愈发普遍，这种关注也便立即消失了。参见，例如，“The Funeral Ceremonies in Honor of Addison Whitney and Luther C. Ladd at Lowell, Mass. On Monday, May 6”, New York Illustrated News, May 25, 1861, p. 43; “Funeral of Colonel Vosburgh”, New York Illustrated News, June 8, 1861, p. 75; “The Late Captain Ward”, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, July 13, 1861, p. 133。
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[29]George Skoch, “A Lavish Funeral for a Southern Hero: ‘Stonewall’ Jackson’s Last March,” Civil War Times Illustrated, May 1989, pp.22—27; Samuel B. Hannah, May 17, 1863, Death of Stonewall Jackson, VMIA; online at www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/tjjhanna.htm.另参见Lexington Gazette, May 20, 1863, Funeral of Stonewall Jackson, VMIA, online at www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/tjjobit.htm; Daniel Stowell, “Stonewall Jackson and the Providence of God”, in Randall M. Miller, Harry S. Stout, and Charles Reagan Wilson, Religion and the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp.187—207; Charles Royster, The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans (NewYork: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991), pp. 193—231.另参见“Funeral of Gen. Maxcy Gregg,” newspaper clipping, December 22, 1862, Maxcy Gregg Papers, SCL; “Funeral of General Winthrop,” clipping, 1864, Frederick Winthrop Papers, MAHS。
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[30]Rev. T. H. Stockton, “Hymn for the National Funeral” (Philadelphia:A. W. Auner, [1865]); Swain的话引自David B. Chesebrough, “No Sorrow Like Our Sorrow”: Northern Protestant Ministers and the Assassination of Lincoln (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1994), p. 88。
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[31]New York Herald, April 20, 1865; Merrill D. Peterson, Lincoln in American Memory (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp.15—22.
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[32]New York Herald, April 26, 1865; Jacob Thomas的话引自Chesebrough, “No Sorrow Like Our Sorrow,” p. 187。另参见Christian Recorder, April 22, 1865, May 6, 1865。
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[33]Walt Whitman, “Hush’d Be the Camps To-Day,” in Walt Whitman
:Civil War Poetry and Prose (New York: Dover, 1995), pp. 34—35.
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[34]Helen Vendler, “Poetry and the Mediation of Value: Whitman on Lincoln,” Tanner Lecture on Human Values delivered at the University of Michigan, October 29 and 30, 1999, online at www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/Vendler_01.pdf, pp. 147—148.Vendler教授同我分享了她对惠特曼的看法，对此我十分感激。
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[35]Whitman, “O Captain! My Captain,” in Civil War Poetry and Prose, p. 34.
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[36]Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d,” in Civil War Poetry and Prose, pp. 27—28.
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[37]Whitman, “Pensive on Her Dead Gazing”, in Civil War Poetry and Prose, p. 38; Vendler, “Poetry and the Mediation of Value,” pp. 155—156; Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d,” pp. 27—28, 33.
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[38]Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, p. 28; Whitman, “Ashes of Soldiers”, in Civil War Poetry and Prose, pp.36, 37.
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[39]Tyler Resch, Dorset: In the Shadow of the Marble Mountain (Dorset, Vt.: Dorset Historical Society, 1989), pp. 141, 174; Nantucket Weekly Mirror, December 27, 1862,quoted in Richard F. Miller and Robert F. Mooney, The Civil War: The Nantucket Experience (Nantucket, Mass.: Wesco, 1994), p. 137.
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[40]Reverend Clark B. Stewart, Journal-Diary, 1859—1865, Works Progress Administration typescript, SCL.
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[41]L. H. Blanton, “Well Done Thou Good and Faithful Servant,” Funeral Sermon on theDeath of Rev. John W. Griffin, Chaplain of the 19th Va. Regt., August 1, 1864(Lynchburg, Va.: Power-Press Book & Job Office, 1865), p. 8
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[42]关于葬礼布道，参见Robert V. Wells, Facing the “King of Terrors”: Death and Society in an American Community, 1750—1990 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 54—56。
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[43]William J. Hoge, Sketch of Dabney Carr Harrison, Minister of the Gospel and Captain in the Army of the Confederate States of America (Richmond, Va.: Presbyterian Committee of Publication of the Confederate States, 1862), pp. 50, 51—52, 53.
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[44]Alexander Twombly, The Completed Christian Life: A Sermon Commemorative of Adjutant Richard M. Strong, 177th N.Y.S.V.(Albany, N.Y.: J. Mussell, 1863), p. 7; Philip Slaughter, A Sketch of the Life of Randolph Fairfax, A Private in the Ranks of the Rockbridge Artillery (Richmond, Va.: Tyler, Allegre and McDaniel, 1864), pp. 6, 8, 35, 39; R. L. Dabney, A Memorial of Lieut. Colonel John T. Thornton of the Third Virginia Cavalry, C.S.A. (Richmond, Va.: Presbyterian Committee of Publication of the Confederate States), pp. 6, 8; Robert Lewis Dabney, True Courage: A Discourse Commemorative of Lieutenant General Thomas J. Jackson (Richmond, Va.: Presbyterian Committee of Publication of the Confederate States, 1863), p. 4.
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[45]Charles Seymour Robinson, A Memorial Discourse: Occasioned by the Death of Lieutenant James M. Green, 4th N.Y.S.V. (Troy, N.Y.: Daily Times Printing, 1864), pp. 14, 15.
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[46]Joseph Cross, “On Grief: A Funeral Service Oration for General Daniel Donelson,” in Camp and Field: Papers from the Portfolio of an Army Chaplain (Columbia, S.C.: Evans & Cogswell, 1864), pp.68, 69, 71.
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[47]Henry I. Bowditch, “Memorial of Lt. Nathaniel Bowditch,” p. 1015, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS.
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[48]Ibid., pp. 1015, 1048; Henry I. Bowditch to My Own Sweet Wife [Olivia Yardley Bowditch], March 19, 1863, “Manuscripts Relating to Lieutenant Nathaniel Bowditch,” vol. 2, p. 98, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS.
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[49]Henry I. Bowditch to Darling [Olivia Yardley Bowditch], March 21, 1863, “Manuscripts Relating to Lieutenant Nathaniel Bowditch,” vol.2, p. 98, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS; Bowditch, “Memorial,” p. 1019.关于悲伤是缺乏男子汉气概的表现，另参见H. L. Abbott to J. G. Abbott, in Robert Garth Scott, ed., Fallen Leaves
:The Civil War Letters of Major Henry Livermore Abbott (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991), p. 140; W. D. Rutherfordto Sallie Fair Rutherford, June 12, 1862, William D. Rutherford Papers, SCL。
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