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[39]Abraham Lincoln, “Address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania”, November 19, 1863, in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1859—1865 (New York: Library of America, 1989), p. 536.
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[40]Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address”, in Speeches and Writings, pp. 686—687.
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[41]Stephen Elliott, Ezra’s Dilemna [sic]: A Sermon (Savannah, Ga.
:Power Press of George N. Nichols, 1863), p. 17; Stephen Elliott, Gideon’s Water-Lappers: A Sermon (Macon, Ga.: Burke, Boykin &Co., 1864), p. 20.关于天意主义，参见Mark Noll, The Civil War as a Theological Crisis (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), pp. 75—94。关于宗教与民族主义，参见Drew Gilpin Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988), pp. 22—40。感谢Katy Park在拉丁文上的帮助。
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[42]Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address,” p. 687.
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[43]Horace Bushnell, “Our Obligations to the Dead,” in Building Erasin Religion (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1881), pp. 322, 327.
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[44]44. Horace Bushnell, Reverses Needed: A Discourse Delivered on the Sunday After the Disaster of Bull Run, in the North Church, Hartford (Hartford, Conn.: L. E. Hunt, 1861); Bushnell, “Obligations,” pp. 331, 333, 332, 341, 353.参见William A. Clebsch, “Christian Interpretations of the Civil War”, Church History 30, no. 2 (1961)
:212—222.
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[45]Bushnell, “Obligations,” p. 350; Elliott, Gideon’s Water-Lappers, p.20; Bushnell, “Obligations,” p. 355.另参见Horace Bushnell, The Vicarious Sacrifice, Grounded in Principles of Universal Obligation (New York: Charles Scribner & Co., 1866)。
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[46]Bushnell, “Obligations,” p. 353.
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[47]Mary Ann Harris Gay, Life in Dixie During the War (Atlanta
:Constitution Job Office,1892), p. 195; Henry Timrod, “Ethnogenesis,” online at www.poemhunter.com/quotations/famous.asp?people=Henry%20Timrod;也引自Malvina Waring, “A Confederate Girl’s Diary, March 9, 1865,” in Mrs. Thomas Taylor etal., eds., South Carolina Women in the Confederacy (Columbia, S.C.: State Co., 1903), vol. 1, p. 280.
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[48]长老会与Ford的话引自Daniel W. Stowell, Rebuilding Zion: The Religious Reconstruction of the South, 1863—1877 (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 26—27; Mary Greenhow Lee Diary, April 15, 1865, WFCHS.
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[49]John Adger, “Northern and Southern Views of the Province of the Church,” Southern Presbyterian Review 16 (March 1866): 410, quoted in Noll, Civil War as a Theological Crisis, p. 78; Hoge, Moses Drury Hoge, pp. 235—237, quoted in Stowell, Rebuilding Zion, p. 40.
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[50]Grace Brown Elmore, A Heritage of Woe: The Civil War Diary of Grace Brown Elmore, 1861—1868, ed. Marli F. Weiner (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), pp. 119, 99; Cornelia Peake McDonald, A Woman’s Civil War: A Diary, with Reminiscences of the War, from March 1862, ed. Minrose C. Gwin (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), p. 241.
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[51]Louis Menand, The Metaphysical Club (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2001), pp. x, 4.参见Oliver Wendell Holmes, Touched with Fire: Civil War Letters and Diary of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., 1861—1864, ed. Mark DeWolfe Howe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1946).关于这一问题的开拓性研究是George M. Fredrickson, The Inner Civil War: Northern Intellectuals and the Crisis of the Union (New York: Harper & Row, 1965)。
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[52]Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (New York
:Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 7; “Mother, Come Your Boy Is Dying” [sheet music] (New York: H. DeMarsan, n.d.); “Bless Me, Mother, Ere I Die” (New York: H. DeMarsan, n.d.); “Who Will Care for Mother Now?” (New York: Charles Magnus, n.d.); “Rock Me to Sleep, Mother,” in A Storm in the Land: Music of the 26th North Carolina Regimental Band, C.S.A. (New York: New World Records, 2002).
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[53]“Mother Would Comfort Me” (New York: H. DeMarsan, n.d.), Wolf1472, words and music online at freepages.music.rootsweb.com/~edgmon/cwcomfort.htm; “Mother Would Wallop Me” (New York: H. DeMarsan, n.d.), Wolf 1470; JohnC. Cross, “Mother on the Brain” (New York: H. DeMarsan, n.d.), Wolf 1473,均来自American Song Sheet Collection, LCP. Seesouthern editions: “Who Will Care for Mother Now?” (Macon and Savannah, Ga.: J. C. Schreiner & Son, 186—); “Rock Me to Sleep, Mother” (Richmond, Va.: C. Nordendorf, 1863); “Mother, Is the Battle Over?” (Columbia, S.C.: B. Duncan, 1863)。
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[54]Twain, Stormfield’s Visit to Heaven
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[55]Bierce的话引自Roy Morris Jr., Ambrose Bierce: Alone in Bad Company (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 182; Bierce的话引自Daniel Aaron, The Unwritten War: American Writers and the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), p. 183; Bierce的话引自Morris, Ambrose Bierce, p. 137。参见Lara Cohen, “‘A Supper of Horrors Too Long Drawn Out’
:Ambrose Bierce’s Literary Terrorism and the Reinstatement of Death,” B.A. paper (University of Chicago, 1999),感谢Lara Cohen提供; Cathy N. Davidson, The Experimental Fictions of Ambrose Bierce: Structuring the Ineffable (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984); Cathy N. Davidson, ed., Critical Essays on Ambrose Bierce (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1982)。
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[56]Bierce的话引自Morris, Ambrose Bierce, p. 205; Ambrose Bierce, Phantoms of a Blood-Stained Period: The Complete Civil War Writings of Ambrose Bierce, ed. Russell Duncan and David J.Klooster (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2002); Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 161。
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[57]Ambrose Bierce, “What I Saw of Shiloh,” in Phantoms of a Blood-Stained Period, p. 103.
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[58]Ambrose Bierce, “A Tough Tussle,” in Ernest Jerome Hopkins, comp., The Civil War Short Stories of Ambrose Bierce (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1970), p. 39.
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[59]Edmund Wilson, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), p.622.
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[60]Bierce, “Tough Tussle”, pp. 39, 41.
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[61]Ibid., pp. 41, 43, 44.
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[62]Bierce的话引自Morris, Ambrose Bierce, p. 205; Bierce, Phantoms of a Blood-Stained Period, p. 21。
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[63]Ambrose Bierce, “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”, in Civil War Stories of Bierce, pp. 45—52; Robert C. Evans, ed., Ambrose Bierce’s “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” An Annotated Critical Edition (West Cornwall, Conn.: Locust Hill Press, 2003).
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