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[12]E. B. Whitman to Thomas Swords, February 13, 1867, in Whitman, Final Report; Circular, January 24, 1866, in E. B. Whitman, Letter Press Book, vol. 1, RG 92 A-1 397A, NARA; Whitman, Final Report.
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[13]Whitman, Final Report; A. T. Blackmun to E. B. Whitman, n.d.[1865]; John H. Castle to Whitman, January 24, 1866,均来自Letters Received, RG 92 A-1 397A, NARA。
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[14]E. B. Whitman, Report, May 5, 1866, Cemeterial Reports and Lists, RG 92 A-1 397A, NARA; Whitman, Final Report.
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[15]Whitman to Donaldson, June 26, 1866, in Whitman, Letter Press Book, vol. 1; E. B. Whitman, Daily Journal, vol. 2, RG 92 E-A1-397A, n.p., both in NARA; Whitman, “Remarks on National Cemeteries,” p.229.
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[16]Lieutenant Thomas Albee to Thomas Van Horne, November 28, 1865; Donaldson to Quartermaster General Montgomery Meigs, December 9, 1865; Barger to E. B. Whitman, February 24, 1866;均来自Whitman, Letters Received; [Whitman], Journal of a Trip ThroughParts of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Georgia Made to Locate the Scattered Graves of Union Soldiers [1866], vol. 1, p. 93, RG 92E685, NARA。
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[17]Whitman, Appendix, Final Report; Whitman, Cemeterial Movement; clipping, April 4, 1866, Letters and Reports Received Relating to Cemeteries, RG 92 E569, NARA.
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[18]Donaldson to Colonel M. D. Wickersham, April 17, 1866, Whitman, Letters Received; Dana, Remarks of the Quartermaster General, May 26, 1866, Cemetery Reports and Lists RG 92 A-1397A;均藏于NARA。
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[19]参见Dan T. Carter, When the War Was Over: The Failure of Self-Reconstruction in the South, 1865—1867 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985); George C. Rable, But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984); Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863—1877(New York: Harper & Row, 1988)。
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[20]Whitman, Final Report; U.S. House of Representatives, Select Committee on the Memphis Riots, Memphis Riots and Massacres, 1866 (1866; rpt. Miami: Mnemosyne, 1969).
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[21]Whitman to Donaldson, March 26, 1866, in Whitman, Letter Press Book, vol. 1; Whitman, Cemeterial Reports and Lists; Whitman to Donaldson, March 26, 1866; Whitman to Donaldson, April 18, 1866, Letter Press Book, vol. 1; [Whitman], Journal of a Trip; Whitman toDonaldson, March 26, 1866。
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[22]Whitman to Donaldson, April 29, 1866, in Whitman, Letter Press Book, vol. 1.
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[23]Whitman, “Remarks on National Cemeteries,” p. 229; Whitman to Donaldson, April 30, 1866, in Whitman, Letter Press Book, vol. 1.
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[24]Whitman to Donaldson, May 24, 1866, Letter Press Book, vol. 1; Whitman to Brigadier General H. M. Whittlesey, May 15, 1866, Letter Press Book, vol. 1; Whitman to Donaldson, May 24, 1866, Letter Press Book, vol. 1.
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[25]Dana, Remarks of the Quartermaster General.
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[26]Whitman to Donaldson, June 26, 1866, Letter Press Book, vol. 1; [Whitman], Journal of a Trip, vol. 2, p. 26.
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[27][Whitman], Journal of a Trip, vol. 1, pp. 218, 240; vol. 2, p. 26.
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[28]Ibid.; vol. 2, p. 26.
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[29]关于Charleston的仪式，参见David Blight, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001), pp. 68—71。
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[30]Whitman to Donaldson, June 19, 1866; Whitman to Donaldson, June 26, 1866; both in Letter Press Book, vol. 1.
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[31]Whitman to Donaldson, June 26, 1866, Letter Press Book, vol. 1; E. B. Whitman, Speech Draft, n.d., Miscellaneous Records, RG 92A-1 397A, NARA.
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[32]Clara Barton to Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War, October 1865, Clara Barton Papers, LC.
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[33]关于这一时期的性别与契约，参见Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract: Wage Labor, Marriage and the Market in theAge of Slave Emancipation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998)。另参见Drew Gilpin Faust, “‘The Dread Void ofUncertainty’: Naming the Dead in the American Civil War,” Southern Cultures 11 (Summer 2005): 7—32.这一正在兴起的国家责任感，是人权史的一个发展阶段。参见Lynn Hunt, Inventing Human Rights: A History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007)。
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[34]James F. Russling, “National Cemeteries,” Harper’s Monthly Magazine 33 (August 1866): 311, 312, 321.
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[35]Ibid., p. 322.
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[36]Wilfred Owen, “Dulce et Decorum Est”, online at www.warpoetry.co.uk/owen1.htm.
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