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[2]Morse and 1861 message both quoted in Jill Lepore, A is for American: Letters and Other Characters in the Newly United States (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002) 10, 154.
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[3]Abraham Lincoln, “Message to Congress in Special Session, ”July 4, 1861, in Roy Basler (ed.), The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 11 Vols. (New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 1953) Vol. IV, 438.
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[4]New York (Daily) Tribune, November 27, 1860.
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[5]New Orleans Daily Picayune, June 29 and 26, 1861.
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[6]William Howard Russell, My Diary North and South (Boston: T.O.H.P. Burnham, 1863) 467-468, 470.
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[7]Joseph E. Johnston quoted in John G. Nicolay, The Outbreak of Rebellion (1881.Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1995) 211.
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[8]Samuel Fiske (14th Connecticut) and diarist from 9th Pennsylvania, both quoted in Stephen Sears, Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam (1983.Paperback Reprint. New York: Warner Books, 1985) 347.
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[9]Seward’s speech was delivered on March 11, 1850. It can be accessed at: http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/SpeechesSeward NewTerritories.htm (February 20, 2010).
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[10]George Templeton Strong’s diary entry March 11, 1861, in Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas (eds.), The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 4 Vols (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1952) III, 109.
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[11]Howell Cobb to James A. Seddon, January 8, 1865, “Georgia and the Confederacy, ”The American Historical Review, Vol. 1, 1 (October 1895): 97-102, 97-98.
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[12]John Murray Forbes to Charles Sumner, December 27, 1862, in Sarah Forbes Hughes (ed.), Letters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes, 2 Vols. (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1899) I: 350-351
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[13]Eva B. Jones to Mrs. Mary Jones, July 14, 1865, in Robert Manson Myers, The Children of Pride: a True Story of Georgia and the Civil War, Abridged Edition (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984) 554.
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[14]Niles’ Weekly Register, November 28, 1835.
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[15]Nicholas Faith, The World the Railways Made (London: Pimlico, 1990) 67.
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[16]Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Young American, ”1844, in Joel Porte (ed.), Essays and Lectures by Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: Library of America, 1983) 211, 213-214.
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[17]George Berkeley, “Verses on the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America, ”written in 1726, published 1752, in Rexmond C. Cochrane, “Bishop Berkeley and the Progress of Arts and Learning: Notes on a Literary Convention, ”The Huntington Library Quarterly, 17:3 (May, 1954): 229-249, 230.
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[18]Henry Benjamin Whipple, Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate (New York
:The Macmillan Company, 1912) 105.
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[19]Whipple, Lights and Shadows, 124.
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[20]Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address, ”March 4, 1865, in Basler (ed.), Collected Works ofAbraham Lincoln, VIII, 333.
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[21]Bayard Taylor, “What is an American?”The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 35, No.211(May 1875) pp. 561-567, quotations pp. 562, 565-566.
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[22]Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (1858): 18.
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剑桥美国史 第七章 应许之地——通往美国世纪的大门
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让我们用眼泪送走黑暗的过去，转身面向灿烂的未来，低垂眼帘，奋力向前吧。人类漫长的、令人厌倦的冬天已经结束，夏天已经到来。人类已经破茧而出，天堂就在面前了。
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