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事实上，在1917年之后，美国的共识有时候并不是操控的结果，而是强迫所致。但这丝毫没有损害公共信息委员会传达的国家主义信息。实际上，它的存在本身就代表了一种传播革命的勃兴，或者至少象征传播革命进入了一个新的发展阶段。美国的传播革命始于早期殖民地的印刷品；随着塞缪尔·莫尔斯（Samuel Morse）让美国人可以通过电报彼此交流，传播革命快速发展；当铁路跨越大平原时，传播革命的势头越来越猛，最终登上了早期电影工业的大荧幕。公共信息委员会仅仅是一种联邦外衣下的旧式国家主义。这种国家主义建立在对自由、美国民主和未来的信仰之上，而不是建立在威尔逊所期许的源于冲突的自由之上。它是西奥多·罗斯福的信仰、奥利弗·霍姆斯的信仰，也是威廉·杜波依斯的信仰。它是1917年之后定义美国民主的“士兵的信仰”。很快，这个国家就将再一次需要它。
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[1]Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention Held in Chicago, Illinois, July 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1896 (Logansport, Indiana, 1896) 226-234, 230.
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[2]J.B. Henderson speech, Wilmington, Delaware, October 19, 1896, quoted St.Louis Post-Dispatch, October 30, 1896.
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[3]Roosevelt quoted in H. W. Brands, The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995) 258.
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[4]New York Mail and Express quoted in Jonathan Auerbach, “McKinley at Home
:How Early American Cinema Made News, ”American Quarterly, 51, 4 (December 1999) 797-832, 806.
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[5]McKinley’s first inauguration can be viewed via YouTube, available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4uOmSEw5-U.
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[6]James Monroe, Annual Message to Congress, Senate, December 2, 1823, Annals of Congress, 18th Congress, 1st Session, 13-14.
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[7]Alfred Thayer Mahan, “The United States Looking Outward, ”The Atlantic Monthly, 66: 398 (December, 1890) 816-834, 817, 819.
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[8]Josiah Strong, Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis (New York: The American Home Mission Society, 1885) v, 218, 165, 177, 218.
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[9]“Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, ”in Frederick Bancroft (ed.), Speeches, Correspondence, and Political Papers of Carl Schurz, Vol. 6 (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1913) 77; Erving Winslow, The Anti-Imperialist League: Apologia Pro Vita Sua (Boston: Anti-Imperialist League, 1908) 14.
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[10]Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., “The Soldier’s Faith: An Address Delivered on Memorial Day, May 30, 1895, Harvard University, ”in Richard A. Posner (ed.), The Essential Holmes: Selections from the Letters, Speeches, Judicial Opinions, and Other Writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (Chicago and London: Chicago University Press, 1992) 87-88, 92.
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[11]Pershing quoted in Gary Gerstle, American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001) 35.
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[12]Theodore Roosevelt, Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail (1888. Reprint. New York
:The Century Company, 1911) 2.
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[13]Theodore Roosevelt, “The Strenuous Life, ”in Roosevelt, The Strenuous Life
:Essays and Addresses (New York: Cosimo, 2006) 1, 3.
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[14]Josiah Strong, Expansion: Under New World-Conditions (New York: Baker and Taylor Co., 1900) 18-19.
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[15]Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910-1917 (New York: Harpers, 1954).
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[16]Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden, ”McClure’s Magazine, February 12, 1899;“The Brown Man’s Burden”first appeared inTruth and was later reprinted in the Literary Digest, February 25, 1899.
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[17]Theodore Roosevelt, “True Americanism, ”The Forum Magazine (April, 1894), available at: http://www.Theodore-roosevelt.com/trspeeches.html (June 20, 2010).
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[18]Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation originally appeared as a series in Rolling Stone in 1999. Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (1906. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1984) 129.
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[19]Theodore Roosevelt, “The New Nationalism, ”Osawatomie, Kansas, August 31, 1910, available at: http://www.Theodore-roosevelt.com/trspeeches.html (June 20, 2010).
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[20]Woodrow Wilson, “Address at Gettysburg, July 4, 1913, ”available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=65370 (June 20, 2010).
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[21]Theodore Roosevelt, “Case Against the Reactionaries, ”Chicago, June 17, 1912.
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[22]Woodrow Wilson, Second Annual Message to Congress, December 8, 1914.
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[23]S. Margaret Fuller, Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845. London: George Slater, 1850) 27, 21.
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[24]Elizabeth Cady Stanton, A History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. 1 (Rochester: Fowler and Wells, 1889) 70-71.
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