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[2]Holmes’s opinion can be accessed at: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US＆vol=249＆invol=47 (July 10, 2010).
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[3]The Big Money forms the concluding part of the trilogy that also included The 42nd Parallel (1930) and Nineteen Nineteen (1932) that was published together in 1938 as U.S.A. Quotation from John Dos Passos, U.S.A. (Harmondsworth
:Penguin Books, 1986) 1105.
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[4]An audio recording of Harding’s speech, delivered in Boston on May 24, 1920, is available via the Library of Congress at: http://memory.loc.gov/ ammem/nfhtml/nfexpe.html (July 10, 2010).
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[5]Sheldon Cheney quoted in Robert Hughes, American Visions: The Epic History ofArt in America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997) 405.
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[6]Sheldon Cheney, An Art-Lover’s Guide to the Exposition (Berkeley: Berkeley Oak, 1915) 7.
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[7]Calvin Coolidge, “Whose Country Is This?”Good Housekeeping, 72:2 (February 1921): 13-110, 109.
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[8]James J. Davis, The Iron Puddler: My Life in the Rolling Mills and What Came of It (Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1922) 27, 60.
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[9]Purnell quoted in Gary Gerstle, American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001) 105.
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[10]Harry Hamilton Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the United States (Chicago
:Published Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court, 1922).
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[11]Buck vs. Bell (1927), available at: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase pl?court=us＆vol=274＆invol=200 (July 18, 2010).
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[12]Herbert Hoover, “Address of the 50th Anniversary of Thomas Edison’s Invention of the Incandescent Electric Lamp, ”October 21, 1929, available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=21967＆st=＆st1= (July 20, 2010).
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[13]Herbert Hoover, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1929, available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=21804 (July 22, 2010).
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[14]Herbert Hoover, campaign speech, New York, October 22, 1928; Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union, December 2, 1930.
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[15]Franklin D. Roosevelt, Commonwealth Club Address, September 23, 1932.
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[16]Raymond Gram Swing, Forerunners of American Fascism (New York: Julian Messner, 1935).
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[17]Herbert Hoover, “The Challenge to Liberty, ”Saturday Evening Post, September 8, 1934; Roosevelt, Fireside Chat, September 30, 1934, available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14759 (July 22, 2010).
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[18]Raymond Chandler, “The Simple Art of Murder, ”The Atlantic Monthly, 1944;reprinted in The Chandler Collection, Vol. 3 (London: Picador, 1984) 191.
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[19]John Dos Passos, Three Soldiers (1921. Reprint. California: Coyote Canyon Press, 2007) 282.
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[20]Hoover, “The Challenge to Liberty.”
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剑桥美国史 第十章 变革中的疆域——原子能时代的美国
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他们很大程度上依据战争的需要负重。
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蒂姆·奥布莱恩《士兵的重负》，1990年
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“首先，”一封言辞激烈的书信开头写道，“黑人一旦穿上美国军装，就会像佐治亚州那些被铁链锁住的囚犯一样，众所周知，那简直就是地狱。”信中继续说道，在两天的行进过程中，“军队从弗吉尼亚州的李营地出发，经过长途跋涉，深入到遍布黑人的南部，如此长距离的行进中，我们仅靠一顿饭维持体力”。在密西西比州的医院病房中，二等兵诺曼·布里廷厄姆（Norman Brittingham）也过着同样痛苦的日子，他写信抱怨道：“医生把我们当狗一样对待。白人不仅殴打和咒骂黑人士兵，有时还无缘无故把他们丢到监狱里。”另一名士兵写道：“我们是作为人来到部队的，我们也希望被当作人来对待，但实际上我们受到的是像狗一样的待遇。”詹姆斯·亨利·古丁（James Henry Gooding）指出：“我们感觉像是被国家抛弃了。”他恳求总统：“既然我们发誓报效国家，那么请稍微考虑到这一点。”[1]
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