打字猴:1.706318964e+09
1706318964
1706318965 杀死图兰沙的那一刀是否真由拜巴尔刺出,抑或这不过是一段事后虚构的逸事,我们已经不得而知。不管怎样,图兰沙死于马穆鲁克之手这件事在重塑整个中东的过程中发挥了重要作用。它预示着四分五裂、虚弱不堪的阿尤布苏丹国已经到了垂死挣扎的阶段;在其土地上将会诞生一个马穆鲁克的王朝,其将冷酷无情的军事技能带入与基督教世界的战争中。耶路撒冷王国命运的钥匙依然在埃及,并且将在适当的时候被交到雄心勃勃的拜巴尔手中。
1706318966
1706318967 [1] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.82.
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1706318969 [2] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.86.
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1706318971 [3] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.88.
1706318972
1706318973 [4] 金色火焰军旗(拉丁文为aurea flamma,意为“金色火焰”),是查理曼、圣德尼的军旗。
1706318974
1706318975 [5] 法国的主保圣人,为巴黎首任主教,于公元3世纪末殉教。
1706318976
1706318977 [6] 意为“欣悦之丘”,名称来自赴耶路撒冷朝圣者接近圣城时看到的第一处景物。
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1706318979 [7] Crowley,Roger. City of Fortune ,London,2012,p.37.
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1706318981 [8] Asbridge,Thomas. The Crusades:The War for the Holy Land ,London,2010,p.552.
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1706318983 [9] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.90.
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1706318985 [10]The Seventh Crusade,1244-1254:Sources and Documents ,ed. and trans. Peter Jackson,Aldershot,2007,p.131.
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1706318987 [11] 西欧国家对于拜占庭货币的指称,在十字军王国内有仿制,集中见于10—13世纪的史料。
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1706318989 [12]The Seventh Crusade,1244-1254:Sources and Documents ,ed. and trans. Peter Jackson,Aldershot,2007,p.98.
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1706318991 [13] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.100.
1706318992
1706318993 [14]The Seventh Crusade,1244-1254:Sources and Documents ,ed. and trans. Peter Jackson,Aldershot,2007,p.141.
1706318994
1706318995 [15]The Seventh Crusade,1244-1254:Sources and Documents ,ed. and trans. Peter Jackson,Aldershot,2007,p.139.
1706318996
1706318997 [16]The Seventh Crusade,1244-1254:Sources and Documents ,ed. and trans. Peter Jackson,Aldershot,2007,p.139.
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1706318999 [17] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.112.
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1706319001 [18] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.115.
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1706319003 [19] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.115.
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1706319005 [20] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.116.
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1706319007 [21] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.118.
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1706319009 [22] Jean de Joinville. Histoire de Saint Louis ,ed. and trans. M.Natalis de Wailly,Paris,1874,p.118.
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1706319011 [23]Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth century:The Rothelin Continuum of the History of William of Tyre with Part of the Eracles of Acre Text ,ed. and trans. Janet Shirley,Aldershot,1999,p.95.
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1706319013 [24]The Seventh Crusader ,p.144.
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