打字猴:1.706319859e+09
1706319859
1706319860 基督徒开始出城来到穆斯林营前,向他们发出决斗的挑战。来自公民骑兵和苏丹属下的马穆鲁克部队的战士骑马向他们冲去,时而进攻,时而撤退,时而互相戳刺。这种状态持续了若干天,穆斯林大获全胜,敌兵死伤无算,每天都是败阵而归。他们发现穆斯林拥有一种他们所缺失的心境。他们停止了争斗,只是停留在城门处以求自保,再也不敢出来放肆。 [28]
1706319861
1706319862 更有可能的是,基督徒只不过是寡不敌众而已,所以常识占了上风。守军因此将大门紧闭。
1706319863
1706319864 [1]Excidium Aconis ,as Excidii Aconis Gestorum Collectio ,in The Fall of Acre,1291 ,ed. R.B.C.Huygens,Turnhout,2004,p.68.
1706319865
1706319866 [2]Les Gestes des Chiprois,in Recueil des histoires des croisades:Documents arménians ,vol. 2,Paris,1906,p.808.
1706319867
1706319868 [3] 原文典出莎士比亚的经典剧作《李尔王》:The wheel is come full circle(命运之轮又循环过来了)。
1706319869
1706319870 [4] Dichter,B. The Maps of Acre,an Historical Cartography ,Acre,1973,p.32.
1706319871
1706319872 [5]Les Gestes des Chiprois,in Recueil des histoires des croisades:Documents arménians ,vol. 2,Paris,1906,p.808.
1706319873
1706319874 [6]Les Gestes des Chiprois,in Recueil des histoires des croisades:Documents arménians ,vol. 2,Paris,1906,p.808.
1706319875
1706319876 [7] “aman”在阿拉伯语里意为“安全”。
1706319877
1706319878 [8]Les Gestes des Chiprois,in Recueil des histoires des croisades:Documents arménians ,vol. 2,Paris,1906,p.808.
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1706319880 [9] King,E.J. The Knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land ,London,1931,p.301.
1706319881
1706319882 [10] Baybars al-Manṣūrī. Zubdah al-Fikra fī al-Tārīkh al-Hijrah ,ed. D.S.Richards,Beirut,1998,p.278.
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1706319884 [11] Dichter,B. The Maps of Acre,an Historical Cartography ,Acre,1973,p.45.
1706319885
1706319886 [12] Dichter,B. The Maps of Acre,an Historical Cartography ,Acre,1973,p.47.
1706319887
1706319888 [13] Ludolph von Suchem. Description of the Holy Land,and of the Way There ,trans. Aubrey Stewart,London,1895,pp.50-51.
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1706319890 [14] ‘Umar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Awsī al-Anṣārī. A Muslim Manual of War ,ed. and trans. George T.Scanlon,Cairo,1961,pp.116-17.
1706319891
1706319892 [15] ‘Umar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Awsī al-Anṣārī. A Muslim Manual of War ,ed. and trans. George T.Scanlon,Cairo,1961,p.118.
1706319893
1706319894 [16] Kennedy,Hugh. Crusader Castles ,Cambridge,1974,p.100.
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1706319896 [17] Dichter,B. The Maps of Acre,an Historical Cartography ,Acre,1973,p.33.
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1706319898 [18] Chevedden,Paul E.‘Black Camels and Blazing Bolts:The Bolt-Projecting Trebuchet in the Mamluk Army’,Mamlūk Studies Review ,vol.8,no.1,2004,p.250.
1706319899
1706319900 [19]Les Gestes des Chiprois,in Recueil des histoires des croisades:Documents arménians ,vol. 2,Paris,1906,p.807.
1706319901
1706319902 [20]Les Gestes des Chiprois,in Recueil des histoires des croisades:Documents arménians ,vol. 2,Paris,1906,p.807.
1706319903
1706319904 [21]Excidium Aconis ,as Excidii Aconis Gestorum Collectio ,in The Fall of Acre,1291 ,ed. R.B.C.Huygens,Turnhout,2004,pp.60-1.
1706319905
1706319906 [22] Marshall,Christopher J. Warfare in the Latin East,1192-1291 ,Cambridge,1992,p.82.
1706319907
1706319908 [23] ‘Umar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Awsī al-Anṣārī. A Muslim Manual of War ,ed. and trans. George T.Scanlon,Cairo,1961,p.118.
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