打字猴:1.706363504e+09
1706363504
1706363505 [137] 托利党(Tory):英国政党,产生于17世纪末。托利党人参加了1688年的“光荣革命”。1714年汉诺威王朝建立后的半个世纪中,托利党在政治上一直处于在野地位。18世纪中叶,托利党成为以土地贵族和上层英国国教徒为核心的政治派别,代表着英国贵族、地主和英国国教上层教徒的利益。1760年,逐渐成为执政党。工业革命后,托利党逐渐向资产阶级保守主义转变,以适应政治经济发展的需要。该党在教会和国家关系、保护关税政策和反对天主教问题上仍然保持旧偏见。到19世纪中叶,托利党发展成为保守党。也有人认为,托利党在1833年改称“保守党”。但是,至今人们有时仍然用“托利党”来称呼“保守党”。原文是Tory的时候,就翻译成托利党,是Conservative的时候翻译成保守党。——译注
1706363506
1706363507 [138] 1900年10月,代表英国托利党参选的丘吉尔顺利当选议员,从此开始了长达61年的政治生涯。不过,在议会中他虽然是托利党成员,却抨击托利党政府的多项政策,包括政府在英布战争中的政策,并坚持反对政府的扩军计划,在成功阻挡政府的扩军提案在下院通过后,丘吉尔又在贸易问题上走到了政府的对立面,他公开表示反对首相内维尔·张伯伦的贸易壁垒政策,坚持维护自由贸易原则,这使得他与托利党彻底决裂。1904年他自称“独立的托利党人”,并最终于1905年1月被托利党取消了党员资格。——译注
1706363508
1706363509 [139] Hankey:The Supreme Command,1914-1918,by Lord Hankey (George Allen & Unwin,2 vols,1961).,I,p.289.
1706363510
1706363511 [140] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.508.
1706363512
1706363513 [141] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.484.
1706363514
1706363515 [142] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.491.
1706363516
1706363517 [143] 请参阅Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,pp.502-03。
1706363518
1706363519 [144] Riddell:Lord Riddell’s War Diary 1914-1918,by George Riddell (Ivor Nicholson & Watson,1933).,p.65.
1706363520
1706363521 [145] Wilson:The Rasp of War:The Letters of H. A. Gwynne to The Countess Bathurst,1914-1918,selected and edited by Keith Wilson (Sidgwick & Jackson,1988).,p.80.
1706363522
1706363523 [146] Scott:The Political Diaries of C. P. Scott,1911-1928,edited by Trevor Wilson (Collins,1970).,p.119.
1706363524
1706363525 [147] Scott:The Political Diaries of C. P. Scott,1911-1928,edited by Trevor Wilson (Collins,1970).,p.120.
1706363526
1706363527 [148] Riddell:Lord Riddell’s War Diary 1914-1918,by George Riddell (Ivor Nicholson & Watson,1933).,p.78.
1706363528
1706363529 [149] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.519.
1706363530
1706363531 [150] Grigg I:Lloyd George:From Peace to War 1912-1916,by John Grigg (Methuen,1985).,p.224.
1706363532
1706363533 [151] Wilson:The Rasp of War:The Letters of H. A. Gwynne to The Countess Bathurst,1914-1918,selected and edited by Keith Wilson (Sidgwick & Jackson,1988).,p.75.
1706363534
1706363535 [152] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.514.
1706363536
1706363537 [153] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.522.
1706363538
1706363539 [154] Riddell:Lord Riddell’s War Diary 1914-1918,by George Riddell (Ivor Nicholson & Watson,1933).,p.98.
1706363540
1706363541 [155] PRO CAB 42/2/17.
1706363542
1706363543 [156] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.520.
1706363544
1706363545 [157] Wilson:The Rasp of War:The Letters of H. A. Gwynne to The Countess Bathurst,1914-1918,selected and edited by Keith Wilson (Sidgwick & Jackson,1988).,p.81.
1706363546
1706363547 [158] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.551.
1706363548
1706363549 [159] Asquith,VS:HH Asquith:Letters to Venetia Stanley,selected and edited by Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press,1982).,p.553.
1706363550
1706363551 [160] Hankey:The Supreme Command,1914-1918,by Lord Hankey (George Allen & Unwin,2 vols,1961).,I,p.299.
1706363552
1706363553 [161]The Times,16 April 1915,p.5.
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