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[12] Records of the Department of State,Central Files:Spain,Elbridge Durbrow to the Secretary of State,13 May 1937,file 852.2221,Record Group 59,National Archives.此处感谢Peter N. Carroll的帮助。
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[13] “Moscow,the Soviet Capital,” 8 July 1935;“Soviet Collective Farms,” 22 July 1935.
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[14] 赫斯特报业集团(Hearst newspaper chain)是一家美国出版界巨头和多元化传媒集团,总部位于纽约。
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[15] “Soviet Collective Farms,” 22 July 1935.
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[16] In the San Francisco Daily News.
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[17] Lerude,Warren,and Marion Merriman. American Commander in Spain:Robert Hale Merriman and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Reno:University of Nevada Press,1986.,pp.40-41.
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[18] To “Loo,” 22 December 1932,Milly Bennett Papers,Box 2,Folder 1.
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[19] To “Loo,” 22 December 1932,Milly Bennett Papers,Box 2,Folder 1.
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[20] Morton Sontheimer,Newspaperman,a Book about the Business(New York:Whittlesey,1941),p.227.
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[21] To “Esther,” 3 October 1934,Milly Bennett Papers,Box 2,Folder 2.
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[22] Lerude,Warren,and Marion Merriman. American Commander in Spain:Robert Hale Merriman and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Reno:University of Nevada Press,1986.,pp.53-55.
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[23] To “Florence,” 27 January 193?,Milly Bennett Papers,Box 2,Folder 1.
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[24] 安德烈·马尔罗(André Malraux,1901~1976),法国著名作家,曾任戴高乐时代法国文化部长,且被提名诺贝尔文学奖候选人,代表作有小说《人的价值》。
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[25] Brendon,Piers. The Dark Valley:A Panorama of the 1930s. London:Cape,2000.,p.302.
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[26] Pierre Berton,The Great Depression:1929-1939(Toronto:Anchor,2001),p.468.
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[27] Voros,Sandor. American Commissar. Philadelphia:Chilton,1961.,p.250.
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[28] 26 February 1936,p.234.
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[29] Fischer,Louis. Men and Politics:An Autobiography. New York:Duell,Sloan and Pearce,1941.,p.326.
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[30] Fischer,Louis. Men and Politics:An Autobiography. New York:Duell,Sloan and Pearce,1941.,pp.327-328.
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[31] 该数字由埃塞俄比亚方面估计得出,涉及时间段为1915年1月1日至1936年5月1日,并由Angelo Del Boca引用,参见其著作 The Ethiopian War,1935-1941(Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1969)p.206n。可想而知,意大利人的估计数字要比这低得多。
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西班牙在我们心中:西班牙内战中的美国人,1936-1939 [
:1706422428]
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西班牙在我们心中:西班牙内战中的美国人,1936-1939 3 “异见者”
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“明天”降临的速度超出了所有人的想象——一同到来的,还有触目惊心的暴力。
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1937年7月17日,联合通讯社驻伦敦办公室收到了一封来自马德里分部的电报:“妈妈一直受疾病折磨可能是喉炎弗洛拉姨妈即使之后要往北方去也应该回来一趟要是晚上最好……”奇怪的言语表明,这名通讯员在试图规避一场突如其来的新闻审查。当伦敦分部的记者们将各单词的首字母重新组合后,信息变成了这样:梅利利亚(Melilla)的外籍军团发动叛乱,戒严令通过。
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