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[32] RGASPI 545/6/958.
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[33] Huber conference paper. 感谢Huber博士同我分享这篇以及另一篇论文。
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[34] Lois Orr,“The May Days and My Arrest,” Orr,pp.191-193.
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[35] Cusick,Lois [Orr]. “Anarchist Millennium:Memories of the Spanish Revolution of 1936-37.” 1979. Unpublished ms.,courtesy of Elizabeth Cusick;a copy is at the Hoover Institution Library,Stanford University.,p.309.
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[36] 关于这些信息是如何被传递给美联社记者的,参见Bolloten,Burnett. The Spanish Civil War:Revolution and Counterrevolution. Chapel Hill,NC:University of North Carolina Press,1991.,pp.500-501。Times of London,“Valencia Alleges Spy Plot,” 19 June 1937;直到文章结束,记者Lawrence Fernsworth才暗示这些指控存在疑点,他说:“POUM在不断通过其报纸发出警告说针对该党的阴谋正在酝酿当中,其将因此被指控与敌人勾结。唯有说明这一点,对这个党才算公平。”Manchester Guardian,“200 Arrests in Madrid,” 19 June 1937. New York Times,“Anti-Loyalist Plot Uncovered in Spain:200 Arrested in Madrid and in Barcelona,Including Army Men and POUM Members,” 19 June 1937;这篇报道没有署名,不过它的作者就是马修斯,其原稿现存于Box 20 of the Herbert L. Matthews Papers。
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[37] Matthews,Herbert L. Two Wars and More to Come. New York:Carrick & Evans,1938.,p.288.
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[38] Faupel to German Foreign Ministry,11 May 1937,quoted in Beevor,Antony. The Battle for Spain:The Spanish Civil War,1936-1939. New York:Penguin,2006.,pp.268-269.
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[39] Cusick,Lois [Orr]. “Anarchist Millennium:Memories of the Spanish Revolution of 1936-37.” 1979. Unpublished ms.,courtesy of Elizabeth Cusick;a copy is at the Hoover Institution Library,Stanford University.,p.308.
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[40] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.128.
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[41] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,pp.131-132.
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[42] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,pp.136-137.
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[43] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.144.
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[44] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.208.
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[45] RGASPI 545/6/136,Part 2.指控来自一名POUM民兵,他的名字叫Frank Frankford,是一名英国人。他所做出的各种指控显然都是被胁迫的产物,以换取他能脱离由于从教堂或博物馆抢劫画作所引发的牢狱之灾。
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[46] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.146.
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[47] 安德鲁·尼恩(Andreu Nin,1892~1937),西班牙政治家,先后参与创建了西班牙共产党与马克思主义统一工人党。
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[48] RGASPI 545/6/107,pp.22-26.这份文件在第25页称这对夫妇“明显是托洛茨基分子”,坐实了二人对自己可能成为被逮捕目标的担忧。
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[49] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.169.
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西班牙在我们心中:西班牙内战中的美国人,1936-1939 [
:1706422438]
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西班牙在我们心中:西班牙内战中的美国人,1936-1939 第三部分
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西班牙在我们心中:西班牙内战中的美国人,1936-1939 [
:1706422439]
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12 “如果我是你,我绝不会那么写”
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负伤的奥威尔再也没有回到过西班牙。不过,其他一些人却决心故地重游:弗吉尼亚·考尔斯仍然想在国民军阵中观察这场战争。对于一名已经因在共和国方面从事战斗报道而为人所知的记者来说,这是一件困难的事。“我被告知自己不可能得到签证……即便如此,我也决定要尝试一下。”她将自己的行动基地定在了美丽的法国度假胜地圣让-德吕兹(Saint-Jean-de-Luz)。这里的大西洋海岸距离西班牙仅数英里远,整座城镇就是阴谋诡计的大本营,分属共和国与佛朗哥支持者的西班牙人彼此心神不定地关注着邻近咖啡店座位上对方的动向。为了躲避佛朗哥军队的炮击和空袭,大多数与西班牙共和国建立了外交关系的国家的大使馆都搬到了这里。但是,自从邻近地区也被国民军占领之后,便有来自秃鹰军团的德国军官频繁地驾车驶过边境来到法国这边吃饭。
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考尔斯在社交名媛时期建立的社会关系派上了用场。还在纽约时,她就结识了如今英国驻西班牙大使的女儿。与和他来自同一阶层的众多英国人一样,大使本人毫不避讳承认自己佛朗哥支持者的身份,并将共和国人士称作“赤色分子”。通过他的关系,考尔斯写道,“我见到了佛朗哥的代理人孔德·德曼布拉斯(Conde de Mamblas)。回头看看,我觉得自己利用了这位伯爵,因为他就是一个老派的贵族,他对战争的观点被他简单的哲学观所限制着,认为佛朗哥将军得到了‘女士们和先生们’的支持。经他同意与他见过面后,我觉得他可能认为我是个‘安全分子’”。这位伯爵开始帮她运作一纸签证。等待签证期间,考尔斯发现,将视线越过边界,看到戴着三角形黑色漆皮帽子的国民军守卫让她感觉十分不安。“我们曾经躲避过由那些人射出的机关枪子弹,曾经诅咒过他们射出的炮弹,飞奔着逃离他们飞机的轰炸。”[1]
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