1706446315
维也纳拟定俄罗斯、巴尔干半岛作战计划,则一点也不让人惊讶。若与俄罗斯开战,八九不离十肇因于奥匈帝国与塞尔维亚的冲突,因此康拉德的B计划、R计划在两个战线都采取守势,并保留一个可能足以决定战局的四个军的梯队作为预备队,以备需要时介入其中某个战线。如果俄罗斯人缩手,塞尔维亚会被击溃;如果俄罗斯人坚持不退,会在加利西亚打成僵局,然后在波兰受到奥、德联军包围。至少,计划如此想定。[81]
1706446316
1706446317
[1] “Der Schlemihl,” Die Zeit,Feb. 6,1913;R.J.W.Evans,The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy 1550-1700:An Interpretation(Oxford:Oxford University Press,1984).
1706446318
1706446319
[2] Winston S. Churchill,The World Crisis:The Eastern Front(London:Thornton Butterworth,1931),24.
1706446320
1706446321
[3] Arthur Ruhl,Antwerp to Gallipoli:A Year of the War on Many Fronts—and Behind Them(New York:Scribner’s,1916),232.
1706446322
1706446323
[4] Service Historique de l’Armée de Terre,Vincennes(SHAT),7N 1127,Vienna,Oct. 1,1889,“La question des nationalités dans l’armée Austro-Hongroise.”
1706446324
1706446325
[5] Geoffrey Wawro,The Franco-Prussian War(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003),305-306.
1706446326
1706446327
[6] Geoffrey Wawro,The Austro-Prussian War(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1996),281.
1706446328
1706446329
[7] SHAT,7N 1124,Vienna,Aug. 20,1878,Cdt. Tour de Pin,“Aperçu politique.”
1706446330
1706446331
[8] SHAT,7N 1124,Vienna,Mar. 1878,Capt. de Berghes,“Composition et recrutement du corps d’officiers dans l’Armée Austro-Hongroise.”
1706446332
1706446333
[9] Kriegsarchiv,Vienna(KA),Militärkanzlei Franz Ferdinand(MKFF)206,Sarajevo,Feb. 7,1914,FZM Potiorek to Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
1706446334
1706446335
[10] SHAT,7N 1123,Vienna,July 15,1875,Capt. Brunet,“Voyage tactique de l’infanterie en Bohème.”
1706446336
1706446337
[11] SHAT,7N 1123,Vienna,May 28,1873,Col. de Valzy.
1706446338
1706446339
[12] SHAT,AAT,EMA,7N 851,Vienna,Jan. 1923,Gaston Bodart,“Etude sur organisation générale,politique et administrative.”
1706446340
1706446341
[13] Gunther E. Rothenberg,The Army of Francis Joseph(West Lafayette,IN:Purdue University Press,1976),109.
1706446342
1706446343
[14] Gunther E. Rothenberg,The Army of Francis Joseph(West Lafayette,IN:Purdue University Press,1976),141-142.
1706446344
1706446345
[15] SHAT,AAT,EMA,7N 1129,Austria,Feb. 8,1904,“Les scandales de la Cour de Vienne.”
1706446346
1706446347
[16] SHAT,EMA,7N 1128,Vienna,Oct. 14,1897,Cdt. Berckheim,“Notes sur le haut commandement en Autriche.”
1706446348
1706446349
[17] Otto Pflanze,Bismarck and the Development of Germany,vol. 2,The Period of Consolidation,1871-1880,2nd ed.(Princeton:Princeton University Press,1990),376.
1706446350
1706446351
[18] Christopher Clark,The Sleepwalkers:How Europe Went to War in 1914(New York:Harper,2013),66-73;Lothar Höbelt,“‘Well-Tempered Discontent’:Austrian Domestic Politics,” in Mark Cornwall,ed.,The Last Years of Austria-Hungary(Exeter:Exeter University Press,2002),48;A.J.P.Taylor,The Habsburg Monarchy 1809-1918(London:Penguin,1948),157.
1706446352
1706446353
[19] SHAT,AAT,EMA,7N 1128,Austria,April 30,1902,“Les allemands d’Autriche.”
1706446354
1706446355
[20] SHAT,AAT,EMA,7N 1128,Vienna,May 20,July 14 and 30,1897,Cdt. Berckheim to Minister of War.
1706446356
1706446357
[21] Rothenberg,Army of Francis Joseph,121.
1706446358
1706446359
[22] Carl E. Schorske,Fin-de-Siècle Vienna:Politics and Culture(New York:Vintage,1981),128-140.
1706446360
1706446361
[23] National Archives and Records Administration,Washington,DC(NARA),M695,roll 22,Vienna,Sept. 10,1924,Carol Foster,“The Culture of Austria.”
1706446362
1706446363
[24]Die Judenfrage(1908),5-22.
1706446364
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.706446315e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]