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[113] Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,281-283.
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[114] Strabo,Geography,ed. & tr. H. Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-67,3.5.5.
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[115] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,5.20.3.116.Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,186-191.
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[116] Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,186-191.
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[117] Herodotus,The Persian Wars,ed. & tr. A. Godley. 4 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1920-25,4.152;关于金属矿石的等价物见Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,279-280。
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[118] Aubet,M. 2006 ‘On the Organization of the Phoenician Colonial System in Iberia’,in Riva,C.,& Vella,N.(eds.)2006 Debating Orientalization:Multidisciplinary Approaches to Processes of Change in the Ancient Mediterranean. London,96-105;Van Dommelen,P. 2006 ‘Colonial Matters. Material Culture and Postcolonial Theory in Colonial Situations’,in C. Y. Tilley et al.(eds.)2006 Handbook of Material Culture. London,124-126.
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[119] Aubet,M. 2006 ‘On the Organization of the Phoenician Colonial System in Iberia’,in Riva,C.,& Vella,N.(eds.)2006 Debating Orientalization:Multidisciplinary Approaches to Processes of Change in the Ancient Mediterranean. London,106.
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[120] 在近东的一些国家,如叙利亚北部的乌加里特。商业协会的领袖与一些成员实际上可以从王室方面领到一份固定的薪水。作为回报,这些商人有时会担任起王家使者的职责。
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[121] Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,116-119.
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[122] Strabo,Geography,ed. & tr. H. Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-67,3.5.5;Philostratus,The Life of Apollonius of Tyana,ed. & tr. C. Jones. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,2005,5.4.
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[123] Strabo,Geography,ed. & tr. H. Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-67,3.5.7.在论及这眼泉的时候,斯特拉波(Strabo)引用了波利比乌斯著作的内容。有趣的是,侬努斯在自己的泰尔建城神话中同样着重描写了这眼传说中的泉。
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[124] Aubet,M. 2006 ‘On the Organization of the Phoenician Colonial System in Iberia’,in Riva,C.,& Vella,N.(eds.)2006 Debating Orientalization:Multidisciplinary Approaches to Processes of Change in the Ancient Mediterranean. London,106.
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[125] 公元3世纪的一位访客,提亚纳的阿波罗尼乌斯(Apollonius of Tyana)向神庙的祭司咨询过这些奇怪的铭文的含义,但他们无法给出任何解释。阿波罗尼乌斯于是提出自己的见解:“这些柱子将大地与天堂连接在一起,他(造物主)将它们刻在命运神殿之中,以确保各个元素之间不会发生冲突,以及它们不会忽略对彼此的爱护。”(Philostratus,The Life of Apollonius of Tyana,ed. & tr. C. Jones. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,2005,5.4-5)
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[126] Justin,Apologies,ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge,1911,44.5.2.
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[127] 西利乌斯·伊塔利库斯(Silius Italicus,Punica,ed. & tr. J. Duff. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1934,3.14-44),尽管他在公元2世纪时所写的一首史诗对于罗马读者而言显得杂乱无章且华而不实,但作为一份关于加迪斯的麦勒卡特神庙的记载,仍有其价值。按照西利乌斯的记载,刻在神庙大门上的内容为赫拉克勒斯的使命的铭文无疑是后人之作,甚至是他那丰富想象力的产物。至于与神殿内的献祭仪式其他部分相关的记载则可见狄奥多罗斯,5.20.2。
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[128] 在直接谈到祭祀麦勒卡特的艾格赛斯节的时候,菲洛斯特拉图斯称加迪斯人为“唯一一个庆祝死亡的民族”(Philostratus,The Life of Apollonius of Tyana,ed. & tr. C. Jones. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,2005,5.4)。
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[129] Pausanias,Description of Greece,ed. & tr. W. Jones & R. Wycherley. 5 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1918-35,10.4.6.
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[130] Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,273-279.
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[131] Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,55-57.
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[132] Moscati,S. 1968 The World of the Phoenicians,tr. Alastair Hamilton. London,19-21;Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,57-59.
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[133] Aubet,M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West:Politics,Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn,tr. M. Turton. Cambridge,57.
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[134] 查士丁(18.4)说他们是流亡“王族”,这可能表明他们是泰尔的“商业亲王”这一精英阶层的成员。
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迦太基必须毁灭:古文明的兴衰 第2章 新的城市:迦太基的崛起
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