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[40] Plato,Laws,ed. & tr. R. Bury. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,4th repr. 1967-8,2.674B-C.然而,有大量证据表明迦太基人在酿造、贩卖和消费酒类(Lancel,S. 1995 Carthage:A History,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,274-276)。
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[41] Morel,J.-P. 1980 ‘Les vases à vernis noir et à figures rouges d’Afrique avant la deuxième guerre punique et le problème des exportations de Grande-Grèce’,Antiquities africaines,15:29-90 & Morel,J.-P. 1983 ‘Les importations des céramiques grecques et italiennes dans le monde punique’,in Bartoloni et al.(eds.)1983,3:731-40.
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[42] Athenaeus,The Deipnosophists [The Learned Banqueters],ed. & tr. S. Olson & C. Gulick. 7 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1927-41,1.27e-1.28a(Fr.63,PCG).
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[43] Bechtold,B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,65-67.
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[44] 在底比斯城,一个有着迦太基名字诺巴斯(其真名可能叫安诺巴斯)的人被证明获得了“外交代表人”——一种授予那些做出了杰出贡献的外国人的荣誉公民身份——的头衔。公元前330年左右,两名居住在雅典的迦太基人被提及,提洛岛上的阿波罗和阿尔忒弥斯神庙的库存清单中载有来自迦太基人的献礼(Manganaro 2000,258)。
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[45] 安提奥卡斯的观点见Luraghi,N. 2002 ‘Antioco di Siracusa’,in Vattuone(ed.)2002,55-89,菲利斯托斯的观点见Bearzot,C. 2002 ‘Filisto di Siracusa’,in Vattuone(ed.)2002,91-136。
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[46] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.43.4-5.
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[47] 格隆的继任者们既没有前者那种领袖气质,也不像他那样冷酷无情,于是一个接一个被厌倦了他们的纵欲无度的叙拉古人推翻。取而代之的民主政府在获得舆论支持方面做得并不比之前的独裁政府更好,社会凝聚力因各种暴行和大肆流放——这一贯是格隆政治战略的重点方针——而不断遭到严重削弱(Lomas,K. 2006 ‘Tyrants and the Polis:Migration,Identity and Urban Development in Greek Sicily’,in Lewis(ed.)2006,102)。
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[48] Whittaker,C. R. 1978 ‘Carthaginian Imperialism in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries’,in P. D. A. Garnsey & C. R. Whittaker(eds.)1978 Imperialism in the Ancient World. Cambridge,66-67.
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[49] 在此期间,大量来自意大利和希腊的商品流入迦太基(Bechtold,B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,54-8,65-67)。关于这一时期的西西里迦太基城市的政治独立情形见Bondi 1999,39-42。
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[50] Di Stefano,C.,et al. 1998 Palermo punica. Palermo,88.
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[51] Di Stefano,C.,et al. 1998 Palermo punica. Palermo,88.
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[52] Whittaker,C. R. 1978 ‘Carthaginian Imperialism in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries’,in P. D. A. Garnsey & C. R. Whittaker(eds.)1978 Imperialism in the Ancient World. Cambridge,81-82.
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[53] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.43.5.
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[54] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.43.6-7。
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[55] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.44.1-6。
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[56] 这显然是一支规模庞大的军队。但其人数——无论是20万名步兵与4000名骑兵还是超过10万人马——明显被过分夸大了(Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.54.5)。
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[57] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.54.6-13.59.3。
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[58] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.59.4-13.62.6。
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[59] Jenkins,G. 1971-8 ‘Coins of Punic Sicily’. Parts 1-4 in Swiss Numismatic Review,29-33.至于迦太基西西里方面军中雇佣军的情况见Brizzi,G. 1995 ‘L’Armée et la guerre’,in Krings(ed.)1995,308-311;Ameling,W. 1993 Karthago. Studien zu Militär,Staat und Gesellschaft. Munich,212-215。
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[60] Ameling,W. 1993 Karthago. Studien zu Militär,Staat und Gesellschaft. Munich,265-266;Visona 1998,4.
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[61] Mildenberg,L. 1989 ‘Punic Coinage on the Eve of the First War against Rome:A Reconsideration’,in Devijver & Lipiński(eds.)1989,7-8;Visona 1998,5.
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[62] 人员及补给方面的情况见Fariselli,A. 1999 ‘The Impact of Military Preparations on the Economy of the Carthaginian State’,in Pisano(ed.)1999,59-61;钱币的信息见Jenkins,G. 1971-8 ‘Coins of Punic Sicily’. Parts 1-4 in Swiss Numismatic Review,23-26。不论铸币厂究竟设在何处,货币无疑是由迦太基负责发行的(Manfredi,L. 1999 ‘Carthaginian Policy through Coins’,in Pisano(ed.)1999,70)。
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[63] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.63.4-5.
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[64] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.80.1。
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