打字猴:1.706550492e+09
1706550492 [90] 苏菲特可能持续存在了一段时间(Sznycer,M. 1978 ‘Carthage et la civilisation punique’,in C. Nicolet 1978 Rome et la conquête du Monde Méditerranéen 264-27 avant J.-C.,vol. 2,Paris,567-570)。公共建筑工程部门的官员情况见KAI = H. Donner & W. Röllig(eds.),Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften,3rd edn,3 vols. Wiesbaden,1964,62.4 k36。税务官的情况见CIS=Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum. Pars Prima Inscriptiones Phoenicias Continens. Paris,1881,i.5547。行政官员的情况见KAI = H. Donner & W. Röllig(eds.),Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften,3rd edn,3 vols. Wiesbaden,1964,119.2/3。Aristotle,Politics,ed. & tr. H. Rackham. Cambridge,Mass.,1932,2.11.3-6;Bond 1995a,296.
1706550493
1706550494 [91] Aristotle,Politics,ed. & tr. H. Rackham. Cambridge,Mass.,1932,2.11.3-70;Huss,W. 1985 Geschichte der Karthager. Munich,460-461;Bond 1995a,296.
1706550495
1706550496 [92] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,14.95.1-14.96.4.
1706550497
1706550498 [93] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.15.1-2。
1706550499
1706550500 [94] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.15.3-15.16.3。
1706550501
1706550502 [95] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.17.5。协议中带有一些附加条款,如歇利伦特和阿克拉伽斯重归迦太基版图等,戴奥尼索斯还同意支付1000塔兰特给迦太基,作为赔款。
1706550503
1706550504 [96] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.24.1-3。这座城市陷入了极度的恐慌之中,以至于有人看到人们全副武装地从家中冲出,攻击他们的公民同胞,因为他们幻想迦太基遭到了进攻。
1706550505
1706550506 [97] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.74.2-3。
1706550507
1706550508 [98] Justin,Apologies,ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge,1911,21.4.1-7.
1706550509
1706550510 [99] Justin,Apologies,ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge,1911,21.4.8ff。
1706550511
1706550512 [100] Whittaker,C. R. 1978 ‘Carthaginian Imperialism in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries’,in P. D. A. Garnsey & C. R. Whittaker(eds.)1978 Imperialism in the Ancient World. Cambridge,62;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.81.1;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,1.15.10,1.17.1,3.24.8,3.24.12.
1706550513
1706550514 [101] 帕诺尔莫斯、索拉斯、瑟米伊姆雷和厄律克斯均在公元前4世纪后半叶铸造了自己的货币(Jenkins,G. 1971-8 ‘Coins of Punic Sicily’. Parts 1-4 in Swiss Numismatic Review,53-75)。
1706550515
1706550516 [102] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,14.16.4;Strabo,Geography,ed. & tr. H. Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-67,6.2.15;Schimtz 1994,Ⅱ.哈莱撒可能是作为近年发动的远征行动的基地而建立的。瑟米伊姆雷的情况见Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.79.8。这座城市的人口构成中不仅有迦太基移民,还有来自西西里和意大利南部的希腊人(Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.2.2)。
1706550517
1706550518 [103] 对迦太基城市利利贝乌姆的研究见Di Stefano,C. 1993 Lilibeo punica. Marsala。
1706550519
1706550520 [104] Tusa,V. 1984 Lilibeo testimonianze archeologiche dal IV sec. a.C. al V sec. d.C. Palermo,36-37,49-55,69-71.
1706550521
1706550522 [105] Tusa,V. 1984 Lilibeo testimonianze archeologiche dal IV sec. a.C. al V sec. d.C. Palermo,35。
1706550523
1706550524 [106] Caruso,E. 2003 ‘Lilibeo-Marsala:le fortificazioni puniche e medievali’,in Atti di Quartet Giornate Internazionale di Studi sull’area Elima. Pisa. 173-226;Tusa,V. 1984 Lilibeo testimonianze archeologiche dal IV sec. a.C. al V sec. d.C. Palermo,24-35;Moscati,S. 1986 Italia Punica. Milan,101-105.
1706550525
1706550526 [107] Tusa,V. 1984 Lilibeo testimonianze archeologiche dal IV sec. a.C. al V sec. d.C. Palermo,21-23;Purpura,G. 1981 ‘Un graffito di nave in un cunicolo delle fortificazioni puniche di Lilibeo’,Sicilia Archeologica Trapani,13,44:39-42.
1706550527
1706550528 [108] Jenkins,G. 1971-8 ‘Coins of Punic Sicily’. Parts 1-4 in Swiss Numismatic Review,8-33.
1706550529
1706550530 [109] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.59.3;Moscati,S. 1986 Italia Punica. Milan,123-129;Tusa,V. 1984 Lilibeo testimonianze archeologiche dal IV sec. a.C. al V sec. d.C. Palermo,36-37.
1706550531
1706550532 [110] Moscati,S. 1986 Italia Punica. Milan,127.
1706550533
1706550534 [111] Moscati,S. 1986 Italia Punica. Milan,47。
1706550535
1706550536 [112] Moscati,S. 1986 Italia Punica. Milan,127。然而,尽管明显受到了迦太基文化的影响,但公元前4世纪玛拉弗鲁斯圣殿的宗教用途,显然是对当地重大宗教仪式可能长期得到希腊人和迦太基人极大尊重这一事实的再度确认。
1706550537
1706550538 [113] Acquaro,E. 1988 Gli insediamenti fenici e punici in Italia. Rome,38-39.
1706550539
1706550540 [114] Moscati,S. 1986 Italia Punica. Milan,130-155;Acquaro,E. 1988 Gli insediamenti fenici e punici in Italia. Rome,41-43.
1706550541
[ 上一页 ]  [ :1.706550492e+09 ]  [ 下一页 ]