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[1] Eckstein，A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy，Interstate War，and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley，138-147。
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[2] Harris，W. 1979 War and Imperialism in Republican Rome：327-70 B.C. Oxford.
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[3] Eckstein，A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy，Interstate War，and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley，177.更为普遍的说法见Eckstein，A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy，Interstate War，and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley，118-180。
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[4] Dench，E. 2003 ‘Beyond Greeks and Barbarians：Italy and Sicily in the Hellenistic Age’，in A. Erskine（ed.）2003 A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford，307；Lomas，K. 2004 ‘Italy in the Roman Republic，338-31 BC’in H. Flower（ed.）The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic. Cambridge，207-213.
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[5] Eckstein，A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy，Interstate War，and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley，245-257.
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[6] Cornell，T. 1995 The Beginnings of Rome：Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars，c.1000-264 BC. London，293-326，345-368；Harris，W. 1979 War and Imperialism in Republican Rome：327-70 B.C. Oxford，58-67；Crawford，M. 1993 The Roman Republic. 2nd edn. Cambridge，Mass.，31-42；Lomas，K. 2004 ‘Italy in the Roman Republic，338-31 BC’in H. Flower（ed.）The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic. Cambridge，201-206.
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[7] Livy，History of Rome [inc. Epitome]，ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge，Mass.，1961-7，7.38.2.
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[8] Polybius，The Histories，ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge，Mass.，1922-7，3.24；Livy，History of Rome [inc. Epitome]，ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge，Mass.，1961-7，7.27.2；Diodorus Siculus，The Library of History，ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge，Mass.，1960-67，16.69.1.
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[9] Palmer，R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart，15-45.
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[10] Varro，On the Latin Language，ed. & tr. R. Kent. Cambridge，Mass.，1938，5.145-59.
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[11] Palmer，R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart，73-79.
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[12] Palmer，R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart，118-119。
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[13] Varro，On the Latin Language，ed. & tr. R. Kent. Cambridge，Mass.，1938，5.146-147.
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[14] Palmer，R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart，115.
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[15] Di Mario，F. 2005 Ardea，il deposito votivo di Casarinaccio. Rome.
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[16] Bechtold，B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’，Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》，82，1：51-76.
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[17] Diodorus Siculus，The Library of History，ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge，Mass.，1960-67，15.24.1.
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[18] 关于西西里与拉丁姆之间的有力的文化纽带见Galinsky，K. 1969 Aeneas，Sicily，and Rome. Princeton，63-140。
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[19] Diodorus Siculus，The Library of History，ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge，Mass.，1960-67，15.24.1.
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[20] Plutarch Pyrrh. 13.2-6.
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[21] Franke，P. 1989 ‘Pyrrhus’，in Walbank et al.（eds.）1989，456-461；Plutarch Pyrrh. 2.1-13.1.
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[22] Plutarch Pyrrh. 15.1-17.5.
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[23] Justin，Apologies，ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge，1911，18.2.1-3；Valerius Maximus（‘Valère Maxime’），Faits et dits mémorables [Memorable Deeds and Sayings]，ed. & French tr. R. Combès. 2 vols. Paris，1995-7，3.7.10.
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[24] Plutarch Pyrrh. 18.1-21.10.
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[25] Plutarch Pyrrh. 22.1-6。
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