1706551020
罗马人那侵略成性与贪得无厌的本能,早已为他们对意大利的征服所证明。[72]然而,罗马在以侵略手段扩张自身领土的同时,它与更大的邻国之间的距离也在缩短,这让后者感到越来越害怕。迦太基可能介入意大利南部事务是一个非常现实的问题,因为罗马在不久前与皮洛士开战的经历就为这种可能性提供了实证。[73]
1706551021
1706551022
然而,对迦太基人而言,他们更关心的可能是保卫自己在西西里的领土,对进攻意大利南部倒没什么兴趣。他们最初的活动范围,因迫切希望控制获利丰厚的第勒尼安及爱奥尼亚的贸易航线而扩大了。然而,在西西里待了一百五十年后,迦太基人如今坚定地认为,迦太基化的西西里地区是“属于他们的”领土,利利贝乌姆、帕诺尔莫斯和索拉斯就像卡本半岛的农场,或萨赫勒的橄榄园一样,是迦太基人的财产。当战争爆发时,亲迦太基的历史学家腓里努斯指责道,罗马人是签署于公元前348年之后某个时间点的协议的破坏者,他的根据是这份协议明确无误地规定罗马人不得干涉西西里事务,但宣称自己研读过所有这类协议的波利比乌斯愤怒地否认有这么一份协议的存在。[74]无论该协议存在与否,腓里努斯的观点表明,罗马人对西西里局势的介入,为迦太基人提供了开战的合法借口。[75]
1706551023
1706551024
因此,尽管无论是罗马一方,还是迦太基一方最初均未向对方发起进攻,但各自的战略目标——意大利扩张与保卫西西里已预示着和平局面将难以为继。[76]事实上,宏大的战略意图是令第一次布匿战争的主要对战方在不知不觉中陷入战争泥潭的次要原因,而主要因素在于它们缺乏阻止战争爆发的政治意愿。[77]有人预言说,这场冲突将以荣誉共享的方式而很快结束,他们的观点将被证明是错得离谱。蒂迈欧选择将第一次布匿战争的爆发年份——公元前264年——作为他的历史著作的结束时间并非出于偶然。回顾着往昔的历史事件,他知道地中海中部世界即将被永久地改变。[78]
1706551025
1706551026
[1] Eckstein,A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy,Interstate War,and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley,138-147。
1706551027
1706551028
[2] Harris,W. 1979 War and Imperialism in Republican Rome:327-70 B.C. Oxford.
1706551029
1706551030
[3] Eckstein,A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy,Interstate War,and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley,177.更为普遍的说法见Eckstein,A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy,Interstate War,and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley,118-180。
1706551031
1706551032
[4] Dench,E. 2003 ‘Beyond Greeks and Barbarians:Italy and Sicily in the Hellenistic Age’,in A. Erskine(ed.)2003 A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford,307;Lomas,K. 2004 ‘Italy in the Roman Republic,338-31 BC’in H. Flower(ed.)The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic. Cambridge,207-213.
1706551033
1706551034
[5] Eckstein,A. M. 2006 Mediterranean Anarchy,Interstate War,and the Rise of Rome. Berkeley,245-257.
1706551035
1706551036
[6] Cornell,T. 1995 The Beginnings of Rome:Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars,c.1000-264 BC. London,293-326,345-368;Harris,W. 1979 War and Imperialism in Republican Rome:327-70 B.C. Oxford,58-67;Crawford,M. 1993 The Roman Republic. 2nd edn. Cambridge,Mass.,31-42;Lomas,K. 2004 ‘Italy in the Roman Republic,338-31 BC’in H. Flower(ed.)The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic. Cambridge,201-206.
1706551037
1706551038
[7] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,7.38.2.
1706551039
1706551040
[8] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.24;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,7.27.2;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,16.69.1.
1706551041
1706551042
[9] Palmer,R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart,15-45.
1706551043
1706551044
[10] Varro,On the Latin Language,ed. & tr. R. Kent. Cambridge,Mass.,1938,5.145-59.
1706551045
1706551046
[11] Palmer,R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart,73-79.
1706551047
1706551048
[12] Palmer,R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart,118-119。
1706551049
1706551050
[13] Varro,On the Latin Language,ed. & tr. R. Kent. Cambridge,Mass.,1938,5.146-147.
1706551051
1706551052
[14] Palmer,R. 1997 Rome and Carthage at Peace. Stuttgart,115.
1706551053
1706551054
[15] Di Mario,F. 2005 Ardea,il deposito votivo di Casarinaccio. Rome.
1706551055
1706551056
[16] Bechtold,B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,82,1:51-76.
1706551057
1706551058
[17] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.24.1.
1706551059
1706551060
[18] 关于西西里与拉丁姆之间的有力的文化纽带见Galinsky,K. 1969 Aeneas,Sicily,and Rome. Princeton,63-140。
1706551061
1706551062
[19] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.24.1.
1706551063
1706551064
[20] Plutarch Pyrrh. 13.2-6.
1706551065
1706551066
[21] Franke,P. 1989 ‘Pyrrhus’,in Walbank et al.(eds.)1989,456-461;Plutarch Pyrrh. 2.1-13.1.
1706551067
1706551068
[22] Plutarch Pyrrh. 15.1-17.5.
1706551069
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70655102e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]