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[17] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.24.1.
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[18] 关于西西里与拉丁姆之间的有力的文化纽带见Galinsky,K. 1969 Aeneas,Sicily,and Rome. Princeton,63-140。
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[19] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,15.24.1.
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[20] Plutarch Pyrrh. 13.2-6.
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[21] Franke,P. 1989 ‘Pyrrhus’,in Walbank et al.(eds.)1989,456-461;Plutarch Pyrrh. 2.1-13.1.
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[22] Plutarch Pyrrh. 15.1-17.5.
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[23] Justin,Apologies,ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge,1911,18.2.1-3;Valerius Maximus(‘Valère Maxime’),Faits et dits mémorables [Memorable Deeds and Sayings],ed. & French tr. R. Combès. 2 vols. Paris,1995-7,3.7.10.
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[24] Plutarch Pyrrh. 18.1-21.10.
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[25] Plutarch Pyrrh. 22.1-6。
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[26] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.25.1-5.
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[27] Plutarch Pyrrh. 22.4-6.
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[28] Plutarch Pyrrh. 22.1-23.6。
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[29] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,22.7.5.霍约斯(Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,14)认为罗马人并未参与这次袭击。但赫斯(Huss,W. 1985 Geschichte der Karthager. Munich,212)提出的关于罗马军队参与了这次远征的假说更为可信,因为罗马人拒绝参与这种在意大利本土进行的军事行动似乎是一件不可能的事。
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[30] Plutarch Pyrrh. 24.1.
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[31] Plutarch Pyrrh. 25.1-26.1。
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[32] Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.6;Plutarch Pyrrh. 34.2-4.
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[33] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,22.3;Dionysius of Halicarnassus,The Roman Antiquities,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 7 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1948-50,20.4-5.
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[34] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,14;Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.8;Lazenby,J. F. 1996 The First Punic War:A Military History. London,34-35;Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,15-16.多年以后,一位名叫奥罗修斯(Orosius(‘Paul Orose’),Histoires contre les païens [History against the Pagans],ed. & French tr. M.-P. Arnaud-Lindet. 3 vols. Paris,1990-91,4.3.1-2)的基督教作家实实在在地记叙了一场在迦太基与罗马舰队之间爆发的,几乎可以肯定是虚构的海战。但他所宣称的,罗马派了一个使团前往迦太基抗议的事可能是真的。
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[35] Harris,W. 1979 War and Imperialism in Republican Rome:327-70 B.C. Oxford,183-184.
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[36] Lancel,S. 1995 Carthage:A History,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,365.认为这可能是坎帕尼亚人的阴谋的评论文章见Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,20-21。
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[37] Bechtold,B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,82,1:51-76.
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[38] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,14;21.10.8,Dio Cassius,Roman History,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 9 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-27,Fr.43.1;Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,15-16;Lazenby,J. F. 1996 The First Punic War:A Military History. London,38-39.
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[39] Hellanicus of Lesbos Frs.31,83,FGH = F. Jacoby et al.(eds.),Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. Leiden/Berlin,1923-,I:115,129(Dionysius of Halicarnassus,The Roman Antiquities,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 7 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1948-50,1.72.13).对这些说法是否来源于赫拉尼库斯的质疑见Gruen,E. 1992 Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome. Ithaca,NY,17-18。然而,索姆森(Solmsen,F. 1986 ‘Aeneas Founded Rome with Odysseus’,Harvard Studies in Classical Philology,90:93-110)坚信这些说法再现了赫拉尼库斯的著述,他的观点得到了马尔金的支持(1998,199-202)。事实上,一些非希腊民族将他们能够存在于世归功于希腊英雄的观点并不新鲜。伊特鲁里亚和拉丁人一直为奥德修斯诸子所统治的主张,至少自公元前6世纪中期(可能更早一些)起就在希腊文学界流行了。伊特鲁里亚人极为乐意地接受了自己的血统与这位荷马笔下的传奇流浪者有关的说法(Malkin,I. 1998 The Returns of Odysseus:Colonization and Ethnicity. Berkeley & Malkin,I. 2002 ‘A Colonial Middle Ground:Greek,Etruscan,and Local Elites in the Bay of Naples’,in Lyons & Papadopoulos(eds.)2002,151-81)。这些出自希腊作家之手的民族学著作还被用作强大的排外手段,因为它们在强调“希腊人”在某些族群中的重要性的同时,也凸显了其他族群的相异性。这些著作很快在意大利产生了重要影响,在那里,它们被一些非希腊族群热烈地接受,并加以改写,以便明确这样一个事实:它们优于同为非希腊人的邻近族群(Dench,E. 2003 ‘Beyond Greeks and Barbarians:Italy and Sicily in the Hellenistic Age’,in A. Erskine(ed.)2003 A Companion to the Hellenistic World. Oxford,300)。
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[40] Cornell,T. 1995 The Beginnings of Rome:Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars,c.1000-264 BC. London,63-68.尽管埃涅阿斯的传奇故事在日后被大肆加工润色,但它来源于希腊著作荷马史诗,而第一部记载了特洛伊亲王西行的著作同样出自一位希腊作家——公元前6世纪的希腊裔西西里人斯特西克鲁斯——之手(Gruen,E. 1992 Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome. Ithaca,NY,13-14)。公元前6世纪,埃阿涅斯在地中海西部的传奇故事由于出现在进口的希腊陶器和本地产陶器上的装饰图案之中,而在伊特鲁里亚亦变得家喻户晓(Galinsky,K. 1969 Aeneas,Sicily,and Rome. Princeton,105)。然而,格鲁恩(Gruen,E. 1992 Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome. Ithaca,NY,21-26)提出过一个令人信服的观点:拉丁姆地区依旧是埃涅阿斯热的中心。
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[41] Gruen,E. 1990 Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy. Leiden,33;1992,31.
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