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[33] Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.14.
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[34] Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.14.
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[35] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,1.49.1-1.54.8;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,24.3-4;Orosius(‘Paul Orose’),Histoires contre les païens [History against the Pagans],ed. & French tr. M.-P. Arnaud-Lindet. 3 vols. Paris,1990-91,4.10.3;Eutropius(‘Eutrope’),Abrégé d’histoire romaine [An Abridged History of Rome],ed. & French tr. J. Hellegouarch. Paris,1999,2.26.1;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,19;Suetonius,Augustus,Tiberius,in Suetonius,Lives of the Caesars,vol. 1,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. Cambridge,Mass.,1914,2.3;Aulus Gellius,Attic Nights,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. 3 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-8,10.6.罗马诗人奈维乌斯是这样形容普布利乌斯·克劳狄乌斯·普尔喀的:“由于他的骄傲轻敌,军团彻底灰飞烟灭(Naevius,Belli Punici Carminis Quae Supersunt [The Punic War],ed. W. Strzelecki. Leipzig,1964,Fr.42)。” Lazenby,J. F. 1996 The First Punic War:A Military History. London,132-141,Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,119-122.
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[36] Crawford,M. 1985 Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic:Italy and the Mediterranean Economy. London,106-107.
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[37] Visona 1998,11-12.
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[38] Jenkins,G.,& Lewis,R. 1963 Carthaginian Gold and Electrum Coins. London,Groups VIII & IX;Baldus,H. 1982 ‘Unerkannte Reflexe der römischen Nordafrika-Expedition von 256/5 v. Chr. in der karthagischen Münzprägung’,Chiron,12:163ff;Baldus,H. 1988 ‘Zwei Deutungsvorschläge zur punischen Goldprägung im mittleren 3. Jh. v. Chr’,Chiron,171-176.
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[39] Baldus,H. 1988 ‘Zwei Deutungsvorschläge zur punischen Goldprägung im mittleren 3. Jh. v. Chr’,Chiron,178-82;Manfredi,L. 1999 ‘Carthaginian Policy through Coins’,in Pisano(ed.)1999,72.
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[40] Jenkins,G.,& Lewis,R. 1963 Carthaginian Gold and Electrum Coins. London,Group X;Baldus,H. 1988 ‘Zwei Deutungsvorschläge zur punischen Goldprägung im mittleren 3. Jh. v. Chr’,Chiron,176-179;Crawford,M. 1985 Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic:Italy and the Mediterranean Economy. London,136;Visonà,P. 1998 ‘Carthaginian Coinage in Perspective’,American Journal of Numismatics,14.
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[41] Appian,Roman History [inc. Civil Wars],ed. & tr. H. White. 4 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1912-13,5.1.1.
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[42] Hoyos,B. D. 2003 Hannibal’s Dynasty:Power and Politics in the Western Mediterranean 247-183 BC. London,11.
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[43] Seibert,J. 1993 Hannibal. Darmstadt,95-106.以过于严苛的标准来审视身为将军的哈米尔卡的才干见Seibert,J. 1993 Hannibal. Darmstadt,95-106。
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[44] Hoyos,B. D. 2001b ‘Identifying Hamilcar Barca’s Heights of Heircte’,Historia:Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte,50:490-95.
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[45] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,1.56.1-1.58.6;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,24.5.1-24.9.2;Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.16;Lazenby,J. F. 1996 The First Punic War:A Military History. London,143-150.
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[46] Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,124.
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[47] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,1.59-1.61;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,24.11.1-2;Lazenby,J. F. 1996 The First Punic War:A Military History. London,150-156;Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,122-127.
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[48] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,1.62.1-1.63.3;Lazenby,J. F. 1996 The First Punic War:A Military History. London,158.
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[49] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,24.10.2;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,1.73.1,1.74.7.
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[50] Hoyos,B. D. 2007 Truceless War:Carthage’s Fight for Survival,241-237 BC. Leiden,16-19.
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[51] Greene,J. 1986 ‘The Carthaginian Countryside:Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Hinterland of Ancient Carthage’. Unpublished PhD dissertation,University of Chicago;霍约斯(2007,23-24)对汉诺是否只关注在非洲的扩张行动表示怀疑。
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[52] Bechtold,B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,82,1:51-76.
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[53] 他们非法发掘这些铭牌,并将它们卖作私人收藏品。至少有一块铭牌(Ⅶ)被揭露是伪造的。可以理解的是,近年来与恩特拉铭牌有关的文献资料的数量极为庞大,并且仍在不断增加。Loomis,W. 1994 ‘Entella Tablets VI(254-241 B.C.)and VII(20th cent. A.D.?)’,Harvard Studies in Classical Philology,96:127-60的研究是针对这些铭牌所做的条理最为分明的综合研究。霍约斯提出的这些铭牌的日期可能可以追溯到公元前4世纪初的论点(1998,28-32)似乎令人难以相信。
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[54] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,1.62.3-6.
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迦太基必须毁灭:古文明的兴衰 第8章 向着迦太基进军:雇佣军之乱
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