打字猴:1.706551921e+09
1706551921
1706551922 [2] 这一时期巴卡家族对迦太基政界的控制情况可见Hoyos,B. D. 1994 ‘Barcid “proconsuls” and Punic politics,237-218 B.C.’,Rheinisches Museum für Philologie,259-264。
1706551923
1706551924 [3] Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,29-30.
1706551925
1706551926 [4] Appian,Roman History [inc. Civil Wars],ed. & tr. H. White. 4 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1912-13,7.2,6.5;Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.17.
1706551927
1706551928 [5] Appian,Roman History [inc. Civil Wars],ed. & tr. H. White. 4 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1912-13,7.2,6.5;Hoyos,B. D. 1994 ‘Barcid “proconsuls” and Punic politics,237-218 B.C.’,Rheinisches Museum für Philologie,270-272.
1706551929
1706551930 [6] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,2.1.6,这与狄奥多罗斯的观点(25.10.1)相反,后者记载说这支军队是从迦太基出发的。
1706551931
1706551932 [7] Blázquez Martinez,J.,& García-Gelabert Pérez,G. 1991 ‘Los Bàrquidas en la Peninsula Iberica’,in Acquaro et al.(eds.)1991,28-29;Barceló,P. 1988 Karthago und die Iberische Halbinsel vor den Barkiden. Bonn,37.确凿无疑的证据表明,其后迦太基人与当地人的关系变得紧张起来:在第二次布匿战争期间,加迪斯城的迦太基指挥官征用了这座城市与神庙的所有贵重物品,并将战争税强加到该城居民头上。作为报复,加迪斯议会与罗马人进行秘密谈判,欲将这座城市交给他们。因为这种背叛行为,议会成员遭到迦太基最高军事长官马戈处决。
1706551933
1706551934 [8] Blázquez Martinez,J.,& García-Gelabert Pérez,G. 1991 ‘Los Bàrquidas en la Peninsula Iberica’,in Acquaro et al.(eds.)1991,33.
1706551935
1706551936 [9] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,25.10.1-2.
1706551937
1706551938 [10] Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,36.
1706551939
1706551940 [11] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,5.35-8;Healy,J. 1978 Mining and Metallurgy in the Greek and Roman World. London,68.
1706551941
1706551942 [12] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,34.9.8-11;Strabo,Geography,ed. & tr. H. Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-67,3.2.10;Blázquez Martinez,J.,& García-Gelabert Pérez,G. 1991 ‘Los Bàrquidas en la Peninsula Iberica’,in Acquaro et al.(eds.)1991,33-34.
1706551943
1706551944 [13] González de Canales,F.,Serrano,L.,& Llompart,J. 2006 ‘The Pre-Colonial Phoenician Emporium of Huelva ca. 900-770 BC’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,81:13-29.
1706551945
1706551946 [14] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,25.10.3;Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,36-37.
1706551947
1706551948 [15] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,25.12.
1706551949
1706551950 [16] Villaronga L. 1973 Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas. Barcelona,95-107.
1706551951
1706551952 [17] Villaronga L. 1973 Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas. Barcelona,98-101。如今人们相信在西班牙发现的,迦太基德拉克马银币是在巴卡家族发动远征多年前发行的(Villaronga L. 1992 ‘Les monnaies hispano-carthaginoises du système attique’,in Hackens & Moucharte(eds.)1992,149-52)。
1706551953
1706551954 [18] Villaronga L. 1973 Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas. Barcelona,124-125.关于希洛二世发行的货币见Lehmler,C. 2005 Syrakus unter Agathokles und Hieron II. Die Verbindung von Kultur und Macht in einer hellenistischen Metropole. Frankfurt,60-96。
1706551955
1706551956 [19] 战舰图案亦出现在这一时期发行的泰尔和西顿钱币上(Villaronga L. 1973 Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas. Barcelona,57)。
1706551957
1706551958 [20] Blázquez Martinez,J.,& García-Gelabert Pérez,G. 1991 ‘Los Bàrquidas en la Peninsula Iberica’,in Acquaro et al.(eds.)1991,48.
1706551959
1706551960 [21] Villaronga L. 1973 Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas. Barcelona,61.
1706551961
1706551962 [22] Villaronga L. 1973 Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas. Barcelona,49-50;Chávez Tristán,F.,& Ceballos,M. 1992 ‘L’influence phénico punique sur l’iconographie des frappes locales de la Peninsule Ibérique’,in Hackens & Moucharte(eds.)1992,173-175。
1706551963
1706551964 [23] 无疑还有一种观点认为这一图案被选定,只是因为刻有亚历山大/赫拉克勒斯形象的四德拉克马是当时希腊世界最为常见的银币,它们才受到受雇于迦太基人的佣兵的青睐。实际上,据统计,在公元前3世纪的最后25年,整个地中海世界及地中海以东地区至少有51家铸币厂将同一种图案印在自己生产的钱币上(Price,M. 1991 The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus:A British Museum Catalogue. London,72-78)。它也有可能被作为反击阿加托克利斯的工具——后者也将赫拉克勒斯印在他发行的钱币上。正如赫拉克勒斯的“肖像”作为亚历山大的理想形象,出现在这位大帝死后才被人铸造的某些货币上一样,有些观点认为赫拉克勒斯的“肖像”可能同样是作为阿加托克利斯的理想形象而出现在前述钱币上的(Dahmen,K. 2007 The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins. London)。
1706551965
1706551966 [24] Piccaluga,G. 1974 ‘Heracles,Melqart,Hercules e la penisola iberica’,in Minutal. Saggi di storia delle religioni. Rome. 111-122.
1706551967
1706551968 [25] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,2.1.7-8;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,25.10.3-4;Cornelius Nepos,Hamilcar,Hannibal,Timoleon,in Lives of Eminent Commanders,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. London,1929. 22.4.2;Appian,Roman History [inc. Civil Wars],ed. & tr. H. White. 4 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1912-13,6.1.5;Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.19.
1706551969
1706551970 [26] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.2.4.
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