打字猴:1.706552009e+09
1706552009
1706552010 [46] Pliny,Natural History,ed. & tr. H. Rackham,W. Jones & D. Eichholz. 10 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1962-7,33.96-7;Blázquez Martinez,J.,& García-Gelabert Pérez,G. 1991 ‘Los Bàrquidas en la Peninsula Iberica’,in Acquaro et al.(eds.)1991,33-34;Villaronga L. 1973 Las Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesas. Barcelona,97-101.
1706552011
1706552012 [47] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.17.1-11;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.6-9.波利比乌斯和李维分别在萨贡托围攻战爆发前和进行期间提到过罗马使团的到来,有观点认为这两位作家所提到的可能是同一件事,这一观点引发了某些争论(Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,50)。
1706552013
1706552014 [48] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.9.4.
1706552015
1706552016 [49] 关于巴卡家族在迦太基的对手的情况见Rich,J. 1996 ‘The Origins of the Second Punic War’,in Cornell,Rankov & Sabin(eds.)1996,13。
1706552017
1706552018 [50] Visonà,P. 1998 ‘Carthaginian Coinage in Perspective’,American Journal of Numismatics,10:1-27.
1706552019
1706552020 [51] Greene,J. 1986 ‘The Carthaginian Countryside:Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Hinterland of Ancient Carthage’. Unpublished PhD dissertation,University of Chicago,118-151;Bechtold,B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,65.
1706552021
1706552022 [52] Morel 1982;Chelbi,F. 1992. Céramique à vernis noir de Carthage. Tunis;Bechtold,B. 2007 ‘Nuovi dati basati sulla distribuzione di ceramiche campane e nordafricane/cartaginesi’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,53-54.这种黑釉陶器极受欢迎,以至于迦太基陶匠开始加以仿造。
1706552023
1706552024 [53] 当时身为元老的首位罗马历史学家费边·皮克托无疑参与了这场持续进行的讨论与争吵(Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.8.1-3.9.5)。
1706552025
1706552026 [54] Schwarte,K.-H. 1983 Der Ausbruch des Zweiten Punischen Krieges. Rechtsfrage und Überlieferung. Weisbaden,64-74.
1706552027
1706552028 [55] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.10.2-13.
1706552029
1706552030 [56] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.11.1。
1706552031
1706552032 [57] 塞伯特(1993,58-60)推断,迦太基元老院在给予汉尼拔支持之前可能有过多次争吵。
1706552033
1706552034 [58] Dio Cassius,Roman History,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 9 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-27,13.54.11.
1706552035
1706552036 [59] Zonaras,Epitome of History,ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig,1868-75;tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London,2009,8.22.2-3;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.20.1-5.里奇(Rich,J. 1996 ‘The Origins of the Second Punic War’,in Cornell,Rankov & Sabin(eds.)1996,29-30)认为罗马人迟迟未能来援是他们思想僵化,再加上出于战略角度的考量所致,而不是罗马元老们意见高度不合的结果。霍约斯(1998,226-232)则认为首要的原因在于元老院内部意见不统一。
1706552037
1706552038 [60] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.11.3-21.15.2.
1706552039
1706552040 [61] 这位议员所说的或许是合理的,因为哈斯德鲁巴与罗马所达成只是一份单边协议,这份协议是该将军在战役期间签订的,但日后从未得到过批准(Bickerman,E. 1952b ‘Hannibal’s Covenant’,American Journal of Philology《美国语言学杂志》,73:1-23)。波利比乌斯在讨论迦太基人在萨贡托事件中应负的责任时颇为偏袒罗马人,相关的观点可见Serrati,J. 2006 ‘Neptune’s Altars:The Treaties between Rome and Carthage(509-226 B.C.)’,Classical Quarterly《古典学季刊》,130-134。
1706552041
1706552042 [62] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.16.1-21.18.14;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.20-21,3.33.1-4.
1706552043
1706552044 [63] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.9.1-6,3.12.7.两种不同意见见Bagnall,N. 1999 The Punic Wars:Rome,Carthage and the Struggle for the Mediterranean. London,124和Dorey,T.,& Dudley,D. 1971 Rome against Carthage. London。
1706552045
1706552046 [64] Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,148.
1706552047
1706552048 [65] Huss,W. 1985 Geschichte der Karthager. Munich,288-293.
1706552049
1706552050 [66] Harris,W. 1979 War and Imperialism in Republican Rome:327-70 B.C. Oxford,200-205;关于迦太基人攻占了萨贡托后,罗马人“预料一场战争将直接爆发,而这场战争对他们无疑是有利可图的”的观点见Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,264。
1706552051
1706552052 [67] Rich,J. 1996 ‘The Origins of the Second Punic War’,in Cornell,Rankov & Sabin(eds.)1996,31-32.
1706552053
1706552054 [68] 关于这一论点,最为清晰易懂的解释见Rich,J. 1996 ‘The Origins of the Second Punic War’,in Cornell,Rankov & Sabin(eds.)1996,14-18。
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