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[31] Barré,M. 1983 The God List in the Treaty between Hannibal and Philip V of Macedonia:A Study in Light of the Ancient Near Eastern Treaty Tradition. Baltimore,64-86.然而,伊俄拉俄斯(Iolaos)在条约原文中的对应对象是否其实为迦太基天神锡德,而非艾斯蒙,这一问题存在着一些争议。
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[32] Barré,M. 1983 The God List in the Treaty between Hannibal and Philip V of Macedonia:A Study in Light of the Ancient Near Eastern Treaty Tradition. Baltimore,12-14,100-101;Huss,W. 1986,‘Hannibal und die Religion’ in Bonnet,Lipiński & Marchetti(eds.)1986,238.
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[33]Contra Bickerman,E. 1985 Religions and Politics in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Como,391-394.
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[34] Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,117.
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[35] Visonà,P. 1998 ‘Carthaginian Coinage in Perspective’,American Journal of Numismatics,16-19.
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[36] Crawford,M. 1985 Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic:Italy and the Mediterranean Economy. London,62.
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[37] Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,122-123.
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[38] 提比略·森普罗尼乌斯·格拉古于公元前215年、前213年担任执政官,马尔库斯·克劳狄乌斯·马塞勒斯于公元前214年、前210年、前208年担任执政官,而昆图斯·富尔维乌斯·弗拉库斯则于公元前212年、前209年被推选为执政官,此外,所有这些人在此期间都担任地方总督,这意味着他们得以保留自己军队指挥官的职位(Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,226-228)。
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[39] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,22.57.5-6,23.11.1-6.
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[40] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,22.57.6。
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[41] Bellen,H. 1985 Metus Gallicus,metus Punicus. Zum Furchtmotiv in der römischen Republik. Mainz,13-23.
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[42] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,8.37;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.23.8-25.24.7;Plutarch,Parallel Lives,ed. & tr. B. Perrin. 11 vols.(Marcellus,Pompey - vol. 5.)Cambridge,Mass.,1914-26,19.1.
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[43] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.26.1-15.
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[44] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.27.1-13。
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[45] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.28.1-25.30.12。叙拉古围攻战的相关记录见Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,124-127;Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,260-268。
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[46] Eckstein,A. M. 1987 Senate and General:Individual Decision-Making and Roman Foreign Relations 264-194 B.C. Berkeley,177-183.
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[47] Crawford,M. 1985 Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic:Italy and the Mediterranean Economy. London,109-110;Visonà,P. 1998 ‘Carthaginian Coinage in Perspective’,American Journal of Numismatics,19.
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[48] Walbank,F. W. 1957-79 A Historical Commentary on Polybius. 3 vols. Oxford,Ⅱ:100-101.一般认为,波利比乌斯参阅的是塞利努斯的著作,李维的记载则来自科利乌斯·安提帕特,后者读过原始记录(Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,128)。
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[49] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,8.24.1-8.34.13;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.7.10-25.11.20.
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[50] 两座重要的意大利城市,米太旁登(Metapontum)和图里(Thurii)在这之后不久落入迦太基人之手(Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.15.6-7),而后罗马军队遭受了两次惨败:一次是败在此时已叛投迦太基一方的卢卡利亚(Lucanian)部落手上,而另一场败仗则发生在阿普利亚地区的赫多尼亚(Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.15.20-25.16.24,25.21.1-10)。
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[51] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,8.34.12;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,25.15.4-5.
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[52] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,26.1.2-4,26.4.1-10.
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[53] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,26.5.1-26.7.10;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,9.3.1-9.4.5。
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[54] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,26.9.1-13;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,9.4.6-9.5.3.
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[55] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,9.6.1-2.
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