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1706553782 [98] 这种联系显然是后世的作家如西塞罗(Agr. 2.87)和李维(26.34.9)提出的。
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1706553784 [99] Purcell,N. 1995 ‘On the Sacking of Carthage and Corinth’,in D. Innes,H. Hine & C. Pelling(eds.)1995 Ethics and Rhetoric:Classical Essays for Donald Russell on his Seventy-Fifth Birthday. Oxford,134-135.后世罗马人对迦太基所遭受的命运所做的不积极的辩解见Purcell,N. 1995 ‘On the Sacking of Carthage and Corinth’,in D. Innes,H. Hine & C. Pelling(eds.)1995 Ethics and Rhetoric:Classical Essays for Donald Russell on his Seventy-Fifth Birthday. Oxford,145-146。
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1706553786 [100] Purcell,N. 1995 ‘On the Sacking of Carthage and Corinth’,in D. Innes,H. Hine & C. Pelling(eds.)1995 Ethics and Rhetoric:Classical Essays for Donald Russell on his Seventy-Fifth Birthday. Oxford,143。
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1706553788 [101] 加图的很多历史观点都是建立在费边·皮克托著作的基础上的。对于埃涅阿斯神话与罗马人是特洛伊人后代的传说,他也照单全收(Gruen,E. 1992 Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome. Ithaca,NY,33-34)。
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1706553790 [102] Astin,A. 1978 Cato the Censor. Oxford,217.
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1706553792 [103] Astin,A. 1978 Cato the Censor. Oxford,227-231。尽管据说加图对希腊文化的某些方面嗤之以鼻,但就这部著作而言,他似乎依旧遵循的是蒂迈欧的模式,不过两者间有一个重要区别。与希腊裔西西里作家试图将意大利和罗马放到辽阔的地中海中部的背景下加以介绍的做法相反,加图倾向于凸显罗马在意大利的中心地位。
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1706553794 [104] Astin,A. 1978 Cato the Censor. Oxford,213-216.
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1706553796 [105] Aulus Gellius,Attic Nights,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. 3 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-8,10.1.10.
1706553797
1706553798 [106] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,99.
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1706553800 [107] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,99.
1706553801
1706553802 [108] Gruen,E. 1990 Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy. Leiden,92-106;Goldberg,S. 1995 Epic in Republican Rome. Oxford,32-36.
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1706553804 [109] 奈维乌斯和恩尼乌斯的传记和著作见Gruen,E. 1990 Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy. Leiden,92-106;Goldberg,S. 1995 Epic in Republican Rome. Oxford,32-36.
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1706553806 [110] 在奈维乌斯的著作中,神话传说和近期发生的事件紧密地交织在一起,以至于有人认为,《布匿战纪》中的一个描述巨人与英雄之间的战斗的著名桥段,实际上呈现的是位于西西里阿克拉伽斯城宙斯神庙东面的三角墙上的一块雕带上的场景(Fraenkel,E. 1954 ‘The Giants in the Poem of Naevius’,Journal of Roman Studies《罗马研究杂志》,1416;Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,118)。
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1706553808 [111] 对狄多在奈维乌斯史诗中可能扮演的角色的探讨见Wigodsky,M. 1972 Vergil and Early Latin Poetry. Wiesbaden,29-34。将罗马虚构为一个早已建立的、历史悠久的地中海中部政权的说法,得到了将罗马缔造者罗慕路斯改写成埃涅阿斯之孙的历史狂想的进一步补充。见Goldberg,S. 1995 Epic in Republican Rome. Oxford,95-96。
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1706553810 [112] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,109-110.
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1706553812 [113] 恩尼乌斯的说法得到了塞维鲁斯Aen. 1.281(Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,126-127)的证实,但在奈维乌斯的著作中,这只是一个猜想(Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,116-117)。毫无疑问,罗马于公元前3世纪末及前2世纪初,越来越多地卷入希腊和东部希腊化地区的政治及军事事务之中的做法,对这些作品产生了影响:罗马元老院的精英们不仅试图讲解他们所享有的非凡成就,还打算阐明他们与广阔的希腊世界之间的关系(Gruen,E. 1990 Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy. Leiden,121-123;Goldberg,S. 1995 Epic in Republican Rome. Oxford,56-57)。
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1706553814 [114] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,109-110.
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1706553816 [115] Goldberg,S. 1995 Epic in Republican Rome. Oxford,162,n.5.菲尼(1991,110 n.58)持有另一种看法,他认为奈维乌斯是在第二次布匿战争结束之后撰写这部史诗的。
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1706553818 [116] Jocelyn,H. 1972 ‘The Poems of Quintus Ennius’,Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt《罗马世界的兴衰》,997-999.
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1706553820 [117] Jocelyn,H. 1972 ‘The Poems of Quintus Ennius’,Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt《罗马世界的兴衰》,1006。恩尼乌斯出于对奈维乌斯的尊重,极少书写关于第一次布匿战争的内容,尽管如此,他似乎对奈维乌斯的文学才华嗤之以鼻(Jocelyn,H. 1972 ‘The Poems of Quintus Ennius’,Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt《罗马世界的兴衰》,1013-1014)。
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1706553822 [118] Aulus Gellius,Attic Nights,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. 3 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-8,6.12.7(Warmington,E. 1935 Remains of Old Latin. London,270:98-99);Paulus 439.7(Warmington,E. 1935 Remains of Old Latin. London,282:104-105);Festus Rufus Avienus,Ora Maritima or Description of the Seacoast,ed. & tr. J. Murphy. Chicago,1999,324.15(Warmington,E. 1935 Remains of Old Latin. London,237:84-85)。后世的作家将恩尼乌斯视为一个狂热的亲罗马派,这一点在后者以轻描淡写的态度对待罗马人所造成的巨大灾难时体现得格外明显(Cicero,M. Tulli Ciceronis de imperio Cn. Pompei ad Quirites oratio [etc.] [On the Command of Gnaeus Pompey],ed. C. Macdonald. London,1966,25)。
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1706553824 [119] Servius,Commentary on Book Four of Virgil’s Aeneid,ed. & tr. C. McDonough,R. Prior & M. Stansbury,Wauconda,Ill.,2004,1.20.奈维乌斯的预言见1991,111-113。
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1706553826 [120] Macrobius,The Saturnalia,ed. & tr. P. Davies. New York,1969,3.7-9.
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